具有 MultiIndex 的 Pandas DataFrame：按日期时间级别值的年份进行分组

我有一个带有多重索引的 pandas 数据框，如下所示：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# multi-indexed dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8760 * 3, 3))
df['concept'] = "some_value"
df['datetime'] = pd.date_range(start='2016', periods=len(df), freq='60Min')
df.set_index(['concept', 'datetime'], inplace=True)
df.sort_index(inplace=True)

控制台输出：

df.head()
Out[23]: 
                 0         1         2
datetime                              
2016      0.458802  0.413004  0.091056
2016     -0.051840 -1.780310 -0.304122
2016     -1.119973  0.954591  0.279049
2016     -0.691850 -0.489335  0.554272
2016     -1.278834 -1.292012 -0.637931

df.head()
    ...: df.tail()

Out[24]: 
                 0         1         2
datetime                              
2018     -1.872155  0.434520 -0.526520
2018      0.345213  0.989475 -0.892028
2018     -0.162491  0.908121 -0.993499
2018     -1.094727  0.307312  0.515041
2018     -0.880608 -1.065203 -1.438645

现在我想沿着“日期时间”级别创建年度总和。

我的第一次尝试如下，但这不起作用：

# sum along years
years = df.index.get_level_values('datetime').year.tolist()
df.index.set_levels([years], level=['datetime'], inplace=True)
df = df.groupby(level=['datetime']).sum()

对我来说，这似乎也相当沉重，因为这项任务可能很容易实现。

所以这是我的问题：如何获得“日期时间”级别的年度总和？是否有一种简单的方法可以通过将函数应用于日期时间级别值来实现这一点？

You can groupby http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html按第二级multiindex and year http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DatetimeIndex.year.html:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# multi-indexed dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8760  * 3, 3))
df['concept'] = "some_value"
df['datetime'] = pd.date_range(start='2016', periods=len(df), freq='60Min')
df.set_index(['concept', 'datetime'], inplace=True)
df.sort_index(inplace=True)
print df.head() 
                                       0         1         2
concept    datetime                                         
some_value 2016-01-01 00:00:00  1.973437  0.101535 -0.693360
           2016-01-01 01:00:00  1.221657 -1.983806 -0.075609
           2016-01-01 02:00:00 -0.208122 -2.203801  1.254084
           2016-01-01 03:00:00  0.694332 -0.235864  0.538468
           2016-01-01 04:00:00 -0.928815 -1.417445  1.534218

# sum along years
#years = df.index.get_level_values('datetime').year.tolist()
#df.index.set_levels([years], level=['datetime'], inplace=True)

print df.index.levels[1].year
[2016 2016 2016 ..., 2018 2018 2018]
df = df.groupby(df.index.levels[1].year).sum()
print df.head()
               0           1          2
2016  -93.901914  -32.205514 -22.460965
2017  205.681817   67.701669 -33.960801
2018   67.438355  150.954614 -21.381809

或者你可以使用get_level_values http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.Index.get_level_values.html and year http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DatetimeIndex.year.html:

df = df.groupby(df.index.get_level_values('datetime').year).sum()
print df.head()
               0           1          2
2016  -93.901914  -32.205514 -22.460965
2017  205.681817   67.701669 -33.960801
2018   67.438355  150.954614 -21.381809