Powershell JSON 操作

$parent = @"
{
    "Property1":  "Property1Value",
    "Description":  "Generic Description",
    "SubProperties":  {
                       
                       "SubSubTemplateProps": {
                                    SubSubSubTemplateProps1 : "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                    SubSubSubTemplateProps2 : {
                                                                  SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1 : [
                                                                        {
                                                                            "Key":  "Name",
                                                                            "Value":  "Temp"
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                            "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                        }
                                                                    ]
                                                            }
                            }
                   }
}
"@ | ConvertFrom-Json

$templateobj = $parent.SubProperties.SubSubTemplateProps

$parent.SubProperties.psobject.Properties.Remove("SubSubTemplateProps")


for($j = 0; $j -lt 3; $j++)
{
$i = "{0:D2}" -f ($j+1)
$letters = @("a","b","c")
    foreach($letter in $letters)
    {
        $newobject = $templateobj
        ($newobject.SubSubSubTemplateProps2.SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1 | ? {$_.key -eq "Name"}).Value = "NewValue$letter$i"
        $parent.SubProperties | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "SubSubProp$letter$i" -Value $newobject
    }

}
$parent |convertto-json -Depth 100

我期待这样的输出：

{
    "Property1":  "Property1Value",
    "Description":  "Generic Description",
    "SubProperties":  {
                          "SubSubPropa01":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValuea01"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            },
                          "SubSubPropb01":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValueb01"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            },
                          "SubSubPropa02":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValuea02"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            },
                          "SubSubPropb02":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValueb02"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            }
                      }
}

但我得到这样的输出，其中父级的所有 noteproperty 都被更新，而不仅仅是我添加的 noteproperty。什么？！

{
    "Property1":  "Property1Value",
    "Description":  "Generic Description",
    "SubProperties":  {
                          "SubSubPropa01":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValueb02"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            },
                          "SubSubPropb01":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValueb02"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            },
                          "SubSubPropa02":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValueb02"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            },
                          "SubSubPropb02":  {
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps1":  "SubSubSubTemplateProps1",
                                                "SubSubSubTemplateProps2":  {
                                                                                "SubSubSubSubTemplateProps1":  [
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "Name",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "NewValueb02"
                                                                                                                   },
                                                                                                                   {
                                                                                                                       "Key":  "SupSubSubProp2",
                                                                                                                       "Value":  "Supprop2value"
                                                                                                                   }
                                                                                                               ]
                                                                            }
                                            }
                      }
}

有人可以建议如何复制节点并替换子值，然后将其添加回父节点而不覆盖所有其他子节点吗？不知道为什么会发生这种情况。

根本问题，如评论中所解释的以及更详细的这个相关答案 https://stackoverflow.com/a/58241314/45375 is:

• [pscustomobject]实例，例如返回ConvertFrom-Json是 .NET 的实例参考类型， 意思就是$newobject = $templateobj不创建copy of the object存储在$templateobj in $newobject，它创建了一个副本参考反对$templateobj， 以便$templateobj and $newobject最终指向完全相同的物体。仅 .NET 实例值类型 are 他们自己通过简单的作业复制 - 请参阅这个答案 https://stackoverflow.com/a/71461078/45375了解背景信息。
  所以，您最终重复修改了同一个对象，而不是它的独立副本.

• While $templateobj.psobject.Copy()是创建一个方便的方法shallow克隆（副本）[pscustomobject]实例，这对于您的情况来说是不够的，因为您的实例还包含对象的引用类型实例属性值，然后再次获得副本参考。 换句话说：你的模板对象是[pscustomobject] graph（嵌套），所以需要deep-克隆，没有内置方法。

  • Note: 如果你提前知道模板对象的结构， 有更简单、更高效的解决方案:

    • Use a literal [pscustomobject]对象定义在你的循环内，每次都会创建一个新实例 - 请参阅相关答案 https://stackoverflow.com/a/58241314/45375.

    • 将您的模板构建为有序的哈希表 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_Hash_Tables ([ordered] @{ ... }），并将其投射到[pscustomobject]每次你在循环中需要一个新副本时 - 请参阅这个答案 https://stackoverflow.com/a/69827922/45375

    • 定义一个自定义class并在每次循环迭代中实例化它 - 请参阅这个答案 https://stackoverflow.com/a/44115554/45375.

If you do need 深度克隆[pscustomobject] graphs, use 辅助函数
Copy-PSCustomObject，下面进一步定义，其中-Deep switch:

$newobject = Copy-PSCustomObject -Deep $templateobj

辅助功能Copy-PSCustomObject:

注意：这是not a generic深度克隆功能，适用于以下对象any类型（这是不可能实现的），但它应该与[pscustomobject]诸如返回的图表ConvertFrom-Json，这将它们的组成限制为：

• 映射到原始 .NET 类型的原始 JSON 类型以及[string]，所有这些都是 .NET值类型或者，在以下情况下[string]像他们一样行事。

• Nested [pscustomobject]具有相同组成的实例。

• Arrays任何一个。

function Copy-PSCustomObject {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
    [PSCustomObject] $InputObject,
    [switch] $Deep
  )

  begin {
    if ($Deep) {
      # Helper script block (anonymous function) for walking the object graph
      $sb = {
        param($original)
        $copy = $original.psobject.Copy()
        foreach ($prop in $copy.psobject.Properties) {
          if ($prop.Value -is [System.Collections.IEnumerable]) { # Presumed array
            $prop.Value = @($prop.Value) # Clone array
            foreach ($i in 0..($prop.Value.Count-1)) {
              $prop.Value[$i] = & $sb $prop.Value[$i] # Recurse
            }
          }
          elseif ($prop.Value -is [System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject]) {
            $prop.Value = & $sb $prop.Value # Recurse
          }
          # Otherwise: assume it is a value type or string and needs no cloning.
        }
        # Output the deep-cloned object
        $copy
      }  
    }

  }

  process {
    if ($Deep) {
      & $sb $InputObject
    }
    else {
      # Shallow copy.
      $InputObject.psobject.Copy()
    }
  }
}