如何在 SSL 下从 PDO 连接 MySQL

我已经配置了MySQLubuntu 服务器中的 SSL。

show variables like "%ssl%";
+---------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                      |
+---------------+----------------------------+
| have_openssl  | YES                        |
| have_ssl      | YES                        |
| ssl_ca        | /etc/mysql/ca-cert.pem     |
| ssl_capath    |                            |
| ssl_cert      | /etc/mysql/server-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher    |                            |
| ssl_key       | /etc/mysql/server-key.pem  |
+---------------+----------------------------+

PHP 脚本中当前的 PDO 连接是这样的：

try {
    $this->_conn = $this->dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=' . DB_SERVER . ';dbname='. DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASS);
    $this->dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    die("Couldn't connect to database. Please try again!");
}

我试图连接添加这个数组。但是，它不起作用。

array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY  => '/etc/mysql/client-key.pem',
      PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT => '/etc/mysql/client-cert.pem',
      PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA   => '/etc/mysql/ca-cert.pem'
     );

现在的问题是：如何在安全连接（SSL）下连接 MySQL 数据库？我需要做哪些更改才能添加使其安全？

我通过以下方式生成了客户端和服务器证书：

openssl genrsa -out ca-key.pem 2048;
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1000 -key ca-key.pem -out ca-cert.pem;
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 1000 -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem;
openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 1000 -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem;
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 1000 -nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem;
openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 1000 -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out client-cert.pem;

错误信息

SQLSTATE[HY000] [2026] SSL 连接错误：无法获取私钥