我使用2个独立的数据库，所以我必须使用JTA来处理分布式事务。所以要么两个数据库都必须提交，要么都回滚。我使用开放的 JPA 和 JTA。现在使用 junit 对代码进行单元测试吗？当我尝试运行处理分布式交易的代码时，出现以下错误。我在此网站上发布了类似的问题，有人要求我参考http://knol.google.com/k/how-to-unit-test-enterprise-java-beans-ejb# http://knol.google.com/k/how-to-unit-test-enterprise-java-beans-ejb#但我不明白那里有什么。
<openjpa-1.2.1-SNAPSHOT-r422266:686069 fatal store error> org.apache.openjpa.persistence.RollbackException: Unable to obtain a TransactionManager using null.
at org.apache.openjpa.persistence.EntityManagerImpl.commit(EntityManagerImpl.java:523)
at com.XYZ.cloud.admin.loadCatalog.LoadCatalogTest.populateOffering(LoadCatalogTest.java:253)
at com.XYZ.cloud.admin.loadCatalog.LoadCatalogTest.CatalogUploadTest(LoadCatalogTest.java:160)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:599)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:44)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:180)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:41)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:173)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:220)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:45)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
Caused by: <openjpa-1.2.1-SNAPSHOT-r422266:686069 nonfatal general error> org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceException: Unable to obtain a TransactionManager using null.
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.DBDictionary.narrow(DBDictionary.java:4231)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.DBDictionary.newStoreException(DBDictionary.java:4196)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.DB2Dictionary.newStoreException(DB2Dictionary.java:503)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.SQLExceptions.getStore(SQLExceptions.java:102)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.SQLExceptions.getStore(SQLExceptions.java:88)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.SQLExceptions.getStore(SQLExceptions.java:64)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.AbstractJDBCSeq.next(AbstractJDBCSeq.java:65)
at org.apache.openjpa.util.ImplHelper.generateValue(ImplHelper.java:160)
at org.apache.openjpa.util.ImplHelper.generateFieldValue(ImplHelper.java:144)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.JDBCStoreManager.assignField(JDBCStoreManager.java:698)
at org.apache.openjpa.util.ApplicationIds.assign(ApplicationIds.java:487)
at org.apache.openjpa.util.ApplicationIds.assign(ApplicationIds.java:463)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.JDBCStoreManager.assignObjectId(JDBCStoreManager.java:682)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.DelegatingStoreManager.assignObjectId(DelegatingStoreManager.java:134)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.StateManagerImpl.assignObjectId(StateManagerImpl.java:519)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.StateManagerImpl.preFlush(StateManagerImpl.java:2823)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.PNewState.beforeFlush(PNewState.java:39)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.StateManagerImpl.beforeFlush(StateManagerImpl.java:959)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.BrokerImpl.flush(BrokerImpl.java:1948)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.BrokerImpl.flushSafe(BrokerImpl.java:1908)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.BrokerImpl.beforeCompletion(BrokerImpl.java:1826)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.LocalManagedRuntime.commit(LocalManagedRuntime.java:81)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.BrokerImpl.commit(BrokerImpl.java:1350)
at org.apache.openjpa.kernel.DelegatingBroker.commit(DelegatingBroker.java:877)
at org.apache.openjpa.persistence.EntityManagerImpl.commit(EntityManagerImpl.java:512)
... 26 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Unable to obtain a TransactionManager using null.
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.TableJDBCSeq.allocateSequence(TableJDBCSeq.java:419)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.TableJDBCSeq.nextInternal(TableJDBCSeq.java:290)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.AbstractJDBCSeq.next(AbstractJDBCSeq.java:60)
... 44 more
Caused by: javax.transaction.NotSupportedException: Unable to obtain a TransactionManager using null.
at org.apache.openjpa.ee.AutomaticManagedRuntime.doNonTransactionalWork(AutomaticManagedRuntime.java:306)
at org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.TableJDBCSeq.allocateSequence(TableJDBCSeq.java:415)
... 46 more
Caused by: <openjpa-1.2.1-SNAPSHOT-r422266:686069 fatal user error> org.apache.openjpa.util.InvalidStateException: Could not perform automatic lookup of EJB container's javax.transaction.TransactionManager implementation. Please ensure that you are running the application from within an EJB 1.1 compliant EJB container, and then set the org.apache.openjpa.ManagedRuntime property to
at org.apache.openjpa.ee.AutomaticManagedRuntime.getTransactionManager(AutomaticManagedRuntime.java:250)
at org.apache.openjpa.ee.AutomaticManagedRuntime.doNonTransactionalWork(AutomaticManagedRuntime.java:304)
... 47 more
Caused by: javax.naming.ConfigurationException: Name space accessor for the java: name space has not been set. Possible cause is that the user is specifying a java: URL name in a JNDI Context method call but is not running in a J2EE client or server environment.
at com.XYZ.ws.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory.isNameSpaceAccessable(javaURLContextFactory.java:93)
at com.XYZ.ws.naming.urlbase.UrlContextFactory.getObjectInstance(UrlContextFactory.java:82)
at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getURLContext(NamingManager.java:655)
at javax.naming.InitialContext.getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:434)
at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:450)
at org.apache.openjpa.ee.RegistryManagedRuntime.getTransactionManager(RegistryManagedRuntime.java:61)
at org.apache.openjpa.ee.AutomaticManagedRuntime.getTransactionManager(AutomaticManagedRuntime.java:154)
... 48 more
我使用2个独立的数据库，所以我必须使用JTA来处理分布式事务。因此，要么两个数据库都必须提交，要么都必须回滚。我使用开放的 JPA 和 JTA。现在使用 junit 对代码进行单元测试吗？
如果您想在容器外部运行集成测试并使用 JTA，则必须
- 设置一个独立的 JTA 事务管理器，例如Atomikos http://www.atomikos.com/, Bitronix http://docs.codehaus.org/display/BTM/Home等（我会选择 Atomikos 作为其文档）
- 设置支持 JTA 的数据源
- 将整个事情包裹在一起。
我强烈建议使用 Spring 来看看Spring、JPA 和 JTA 与 Hibernate 和 JOTM http://erich.soomsam.net/2007/04/24/spring-jpa-and-jta-with-hibernate-and-jotm/（但要对其进行调整以使用 Atomikos、Bitronix）。
资源
- Atomikos 交易要点 http://www.atomikos.com/Main/TransactionsEssentials
相关问题
- Atomikos vs JOTM vs Bitronix vs ???? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2978207/atomikos-vs-jotm-vs-bitronix-vs
- 如何获取JNDI数据源进行JPA/JTA DAO集成测试？ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3008486/how-to-obtain-jndi-data-source-for-jpa-jta-dao-integration-test
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