异步构造函数

我怎样才能最好地处理如下情况？

我有一个需要一段时间才能完成的构造函数。

var Element = function Element(name){
   this.name = name;
   this.nucleus = {};

   this.load_nucleus(name); // This might take a second.
}

var oxygen = new Element('oxygen');
console.log(oxygen.nucleus); // Returns {}, because load_nucleus hasn't finished.

我看到三个选项，每个选项都显得与众不同。

One，向构造函数添加回调。

var Element = function Element(name, fn){
   this.name = name;
   this.nucleus = {};

   this.load_nucleus(name, function(){
      fn(); // Now continue.
   });
}

Element.prototype.load_nucleus(name, fn){
   fs.readFile(name+'.json', function(err, data) {
      this.nucleus = JSON.parse(data); 
      fn();
   });
}

var oxygen = new Element('oxygen', function(){  
   console.log(oxygen.nucleus);
});

Two，使用 EventEmitter 发出“已加载”事件。

var Element = function Element(name){
   this.name = name;
   this.nucleus = {};

   this.load_nucleus(name); // This might take a second.
}

Element.prototype.load_nucleus(name){
   var self = this;
   fs.readFile(name+'.json', function(err, data) {
      self.nucleus = JSON.parse(data); 
      self.emit('loaded');
   });
}

util.inherits(Element, events.EventEmitter);

var oxygen = new Element('oxygen');
oxygen.once('loaded', function(){
   console.log(this.nucleus);
});

Or three，阻止构造函数。

var Element = function Element(name){
   this.name = name;
   this.nucleus = {};

   this.load_nucleus(name); // This might take a second.
}

Element.prototype.load_nucleus(name, fn){
   this.nucleus = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(name+'.json'));
}

var oxygen = new Element('oxygen');
console.log(oxygen.nucleus)

但我以前从未见过这样做。

我还有什么其他选择？

更新2： 这是使用异步工厂方法的更新示例。注意：如果在浏览器中运行，则需要 Node 8 或 Babel。

class Element {
    constructor(nucleus){
        this.nucleus = nucleus;
    }

    static async createElement(){
        const nucleus = await this.loadNucleus();
        return new Element(nucleus);
    }

    static async loadNucleus(){
        // do something async here and return it
        return 10;
    }
}

async function main(){
    const element = await Element.createElement();
    // use your element
}

main();

更新： 下面的代码被投票了几次。不过，我发现使用静态方法的方法要好得多：https://stackoverflow.com/a/24686979/2124586 https://stackoverflow.com/a/24686979/2124586

使用 Promise 的 ES6 版本

class Element{
    constructor(){
        this.some_property = 5;
        this.nucleus;

        return new Promise((resolve) => {
            this.load_nucleus().then((nucleus) => {
                this.nucleus = nucleus;
                resolve(this);
            });
        });
    }

    load_nucleus(){
        return new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(() => resolve(10), 1000)
        });
    }
}

//Usage
new Element().then(function(instance){
    // do stuff with your instance
});