如何检查 Objective-C 中的类？

Update我修复了代码，以消除重写方法的重复，并通过实现来跟踪属性或方法的发起者Mark https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1890480/how-do-i-inspect-a-class-in-objective-c/1892127#1892127的建议。还没有解决财产类型（可能会从property_getAttributes()当我做）。还去掉了残留的下划线。

基本上，我需要一种方法来提醒自己给定对象上有哪些方法和属性可用，而不需要一路跳到继承树上。

我已经编写了以下函数，但还有一些不足之处：

#import <objc/runtime.h>

NSInteger inspectClass_alphabeticSort(id string1, id string2, void *reverse)
{
    if ((NSInteger *)reverse == NO)
    {
        return [string2 localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:string1];
    }
    return [string1 localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:string2];
}

void inspectClassStopAt(Class inspectedClass, Class stopClass)
{
    Class originalClass             = inspectedClass;
    NSString *originalClassString   = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", originalClass];
    NSString *inheritancePath       = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", originalClass];

    Method *methods;
    objc_property_t *properties;
    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int methodCount;
    unsigned int propertyCount;
    int reverseSort = NO;

    NSArray *sorted;
    NSArray *methodsAndPropertiesKeys;
    NSMutableDictionary * methodsAndProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:10];

    NSString *inspectedClassString;
    NSString *methodOrPropertyName;
    while (inspectedClass != stopClass)
    {
        inspectedClassString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", inspectedClass];
        if (inspectedClass != originalClass)
        {
            inheritancePath = [inheritancePath stringByAppendingFormat:@" : %@", inspectedClass];
        }

        methods     = class_copyMethodList(inspectedClass, &methodCount);
        properties  = class_copyPropertyList(inspectedClass, &propertyCount);

        for (i=0; i<methodCount; i++)
        {
            methodOrPropertyName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"-%s", sel_getName(method_getName(methods[i]))];

            if (![methodsAndProperties objectForKey:methodOrPropertyName])
            {
                [methodsAndProperties setObject:inspectedClassString forKey:methodOrPropertyName];
            }
        }

        for (i=0; i<propertyCount; i++)
        {
            methodOrPropertyName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@" %s", property_getName(properties[i])];

            if (![methodsAndProperties objectForKey:methodOrPropertyName])
            {
                [methodsAndProperties setObject:inspectedClassString forKey:methodOrPropertyName];
            }
        }

        inspectedClass = [inspectedClass superclass];
    }
    free(methods);
    free(properties);

    methodsAndPropertiesKeys = [methodsAndProperties allKeys];
    sorted = [methodsAndPropertiesKeys sortedArrayUsingFunction:inspectClass_alphabeticSort context:&reverseSort];

    NSLog(@"%@", inheritancePath);
    for (NSString *key in sorted)
    {
        if (![[methodsAndProperties objectForKey:key] isEqualToString:originalClassString])
        {
            NSLog(@"\t%@ (%@)", key, [methodsAndProperties objectForKey:key]);
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"\t%@", key);
        }
    }
}

void inspectClass(Class inspectedClass)
{
    inspectClassStopAt(inspectedClass, [NSObject class]);
}

以及一些示例输出inspectClass([TextMap class]);:

TextMap : Surface
     position (Surface)
     size (Surface)
    -addChild: (Surface)
    -dealloc
    -init (Surface)
    -initWithFile:
    -position (Surface)
    -render
    -setPosition: (Surface)
    -setSize: (Surface)
    -setText:
    -size (Surface)
    -update (Surface)

随runtime.h提供的c库的一个很好的帮助器/包装器是https://github.com/mikeash/MAObjCRuntime https://github.com/mikeash/MAObjCRuntime

我刚刚开始使用它，但它看起来确实很有前途。

就用例而言，我的只是提供一个检查器来构建一个可以附加到对象图的自接线 UI。这可以减少很多潜在的重复代码。