就像在 R 中一样，我想为整个脚本/会话全局设置一个随机种子，而不必每次执行函数或运行模型时都调用随机种子函数。我知道 sci-kit learn 使用 numpy RNG，但也找不到全局设置它的方法。

我在这里阅读了几篇关于这个主题的文章，例如这篇文章：Python 中 numpy.random 和 random.random 的区别 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7029993/differences-between-numpy-random-and-random-random-in-python

它解释了两个 RNG 类别之间的差异，但没有解释如何全局设置它。

除了每次我希望输出相同时调用随机种子之外，是否没有其他方法可以做到这一点？

## Random Library

import random
##### Random seed given
random.seed(42)
print(random.random()) #will generate a random number 

##### No seed given
print(random.random()) #will generate a random number 

##### Random seed given
random.seed(42)
print(random.random()) #will generate a random number 


#############################

## Numpy Library

import numpy as np

##### Random seed given
np.random.seed(42)
print(np.random.random())

##### No seed given
print(np.random.random())

##### Same seed given
np.random.seed(42)
print(np.random.random())

random_seed_testing_python_empirical_coding

凭经验测试 python 全局和本地设置是否随机种子。

至少在 colab ipython 笔记本中， “全局”随机种子设置不会自动应用于所有函数 重置函数中的随机种子不会更改全局设置。

仅仅导入全局种子设置变量并不会改变这一点。

手动重置每个函数中的随机种子 到所需的种子设置变量
作为全局导入global global_seed, 或作为参数输入导入到函数中(global_seed)将使随机种子以全局统一的方式运行（在所有函数中）。

示例 colab 输出：

first print
first Random Number: 82
first Random Number: 82

function_no_reset Random Number before reset: 15
function_no_reset Random Number after: 4

function_no_reset Random Number before reset: 95
function_no_reset Random Number after: 36

function_reset Random Number before reset: 32
function_reset Random Number after: 29

function_reset Random Number before reset: 71
function_reset Random Number after: 10

function_global_seed Random Number before reset: 82
function_global_seed Random Number after: 15

function_global_seed Random Number before reset: 82
function_global_seed Random Number after: 15

last Random Number: 82
last Random Number: 82

code

import random

print("first print")
# Set the global random seed
global_seed = 42
random.seed(global_seed)
# Generate a random number
random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
# Print the random number along with the function name
print(f"first Random Number: {random_number}")
print(f"first Random Number: {random_number}\n")

# Function to generate and print a random number
def function_no_reset():

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_no_reset Random Number before reset: {random_number}")

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)

    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_no_reset Random Number after: {random_number}\n")


# Function to generate and print a random number
def function_reset():
    global global_seed

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_reset Random Number before reset: {random_number}")

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)

    # Reset the random seed for this function
    random.seed(random_number)

    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_reset Random Number after: {random_number}\n")

# Function to generate and print a random number
def function_global_seed():
    global global_seed
    random.seed(global_seed)

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_global_seed Random Number before reset: {random_number}")

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)

    # Reset the random seed for this function
    random.seed(random_number)

    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_global_seed Random Number after: {random_number}\n")


# Function to generate and print a random number
def function_import_seed(global_seed):
    random.seed(global_seed)

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_import_seed Random Number before reset: {random_number}")

    # Generate a random number
    random_number = random.randint(1, 100)

    # Reset the random seed for this function
    random.seed(random_number)

    # Print the random number along with the function name
    print(f"function_import_seed Random Number after: {random_number}\n")

# Test the functions
function_no_reset()
function_no_reset()

function_reset()
function_reset()

function_global_seed()
function_global_seed()

function_import_seed(global_seed)
function_import_seed(global_seed)

# Print the random number along with the function name
print(f"last Random Number: {random_number}")
print(f"last Random Number: {random_number}\n")