安装和使用 ubuntu 服务器

2023-05-16

Ubuntu

本地开发使用最好安装 ubuntu desktop 版本
安装好后，先切换 apt source 为阿里云mirror: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
ubuntu 网络工具是 ip, 远程登录需要开启ssh server，然后通过 ip address 中的ip地址进行登录

VPC 远程登录

服务器开启 VNC server

sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server // server 端安装配置
vncpasswd // 设置密码
vncserver -localhost no // 开启 vnc 服务
vncserver -list // 查看启动结果
vncserver -kill :1 // 关闭 VNC 显示器

客户端配置
客户端可以选择 TigerNVC 客户端，也可以使用 realvnc 的客户端
- realvnc 的客户端下载地址: https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/linux/ ，然后连接 ip:5901
- 在 https://github.com/TigerVNC/tigervnc/releases 下载 tigervnc 的客户端，然后连接 ip:5901
参考：https://www.linuxrumen.com/rmxx/1871.html

卸载 Snap 商店

Snap 商店目前非必需产品，先卸载，后续有需求再安装

参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/511438456
当出现无法卸载 snap 中的core 时，参考 https://blog.csdn.net/a12355556/article/details/124323495
下载PPA 软件仓库可能会很慢，感谢中科大代理PPA地址: launchpad.proxy.ustclug.org ， https://www.jianshu.com/p/3a030350d2cd

安装中文输入法

最新版本已经安装了 ibus, 然后安装输入法 sudo apt install ibus-libpinyin，再启用就好了， https://blog.csdn.net/sofa_r/article/details/126118363
通过Keyboard - InputSource 来安装 Chinese(Intelligent Pinyin)输入法
通过 Shift 切换中英文

在MAC 连接Ubuntu 机器的时候，需要在 Iterm2 中取消自动设置 locale 的配置：
Terminal -> Preferences -> Profiles -> Default>Terminal>Environment>Set locale

安装docker

安装Docker: sudo apt install docker.io
安装 docker-compose: sudo apt install docker-compose
Docker pull限速
- Docker Hub 现在限制了pull 速度，https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/download-rate-limit/?spm=a2c4g.11186623.0.0.19e6296aBu1Vud
- 使用加速器有时候也会失败：https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60750.html
- 根据官方说明，下次可以试一下 docker login之后的效果
- 打印 Docker debug 日志。在 /etc/docker/daemon.json 增加 "debug": true 参数，然后重启docker sudo systemctl restart docker，再查看 docker 日志: journalctl -u docker.service | vim -

安装 aria2 + ariang

version: "3"

services:
  ariang:
    image: hurlenko/aria2-ariang
    container_name: aria2-ariang
    ports:
      - 8081:8080
    volumes:
      - /home/kunwan/Downloads/aria2_data:/aria2/data
    #  - /etc/aria2:/aria2/conf
    environment:
      - PUID=1000
      - PGID=1000
      - RPC_SECRET=xxx
      - BASIC_AUTH_USERNAME=kunwan
      - BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=xxx
      - ARIA2RPCPORT=443
    restart: always

页面访问时，如果出现 authorization failed 问题，需要到 AriaNg -> RPC -> Aria2 RPC Secret Token 中重新设置一下RPC_SECRET

安装vscode

sudo dpkg -i code_1.62.0-1635954068_amd64.deb

NFS服务

安装配置 NFS

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

sudo vim /etc/exports

/Downloads/aria2_data 192.168.0.0/16(rw,sync,no_root_squash,insecure,no_subtree_check)
/Downloads/qbittorrent_data 192.168.0.0/16(rw,sync,no_root_squash,insecure,no_subtree_check)

配置选项说明

rw: This option gives the client computer both read and write access to the volume.
sync: This option forces NFS to write changes to disk before replying. This results in a more stable and consistent environment since the reply reflects the actual state of the remote volume. However, it also reduces the speed of file operations.
no_subtree_check: This option prevents subtree checking, which is a process where the host must check whether the file is actually still available in the exported tree for every request. This can cause many problems when a file is renamed while the client has it opened. In almost all cases, it is better to disable subtree checking.
no_root_squash: By default, NFS translates requests from a root user remotely into a non-privileged user on the server. This was intended as security feature to prevent a root account on the client from using the file system of the host as root. no_root_squash disables this behavior for certain shares.

Mac 连接

Finder -> Go -> Connect Server -> nfs://IP/Downloads/aria2_data

TFTP 服务

安装和配置 TFTP 共享目录以及权限

sudo apt-get install tftpd-hpa

chmod 777 tftp_data
sudo vim /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="tftp_data"
TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="-l -c -s" # 原本的--secure，替换成上面的-l -c -s，这里是选项,-c是可以上传文件的参数，-s是指定tftpd-hpa服务目录

然后重启 sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa 服务

客户端使用tftp

[1] tftp ${FTP_SERVER}
tftp> put b.txt
tftp> get a.txt

filebrowser 安装

mkdir -p /data/filebrowser
touch /data/filebrowser/filebrowser.db

注意

db 文件需要提前创建一个空文件
setting 文件不需要创建，直接使用默认的就可以
container启动后，使用 admin / admin 登录，然后修改密码

Docker 方式启动

sudo docker run \
    -v /home/kunwan/Download:/srv \
    -v /data/filebrowser/filebrowser.db:/database/filebrowser.db \
    -e PUID=$(id -u) \
    -e PGID=$(id -g) \
    -p 8080:80 \
    --restart=always \
    filebrowser/filebrowser:s6

Docker- Compose 方式启动

sudo UID="$(id -u)" GID="$(id -g)" docker-compose up -d

version: "2.0"
services:
  filebrowser:
    image: filebrowser/filebrowser:s6
    container_name: filebrowser
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /home/kunwan/Downloads:/srv
      - type: bind
        source: /data/filebrowser/filebrowser.db
        target: /database/filebrowser.db
    ports:
      - 8083:80
    environment:
      - PUID=$UID
      - PGID=$GID

安装 Minidlna

sudo apt install minidlna
sudo vi /etc/minidlna.conf

# If you want to restrict a media_dir to a specific content type, you can
# prepend the directory name with a letter representing the type (A, P or V),
# followed by a comma, as so:
#   * "A" for audio    (eg. media_dir=A,/var/lib/minidlna/music)
#   * "P" for pictures (eg. media_dir=P,/var/lib/minidlna/pictures)
#   * "V" for video    (eg. media_dir=V,/var/lib/minidlna/videos)
#   * "PV" for pictures and video (eg. media_dir=PV,/var/lib/minidlna/digital_camera)
media_dir=/home/kunwan/Downloads
friendly_name=UbuntuDLNA
sudo service minidlna restart
sudo service minidlna force-reload

FC 游戏模拟器

sudo apt-get install fceux

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