Hibernate 和 Spring - 具有从同一父级继承的多个成员的实体会导致 JDBCException、@Transactional 怪异

（这是重写我的另一个问题 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7800054/spring-mvc-app-hibernate-genericjdbcexception)

我有一个 Spring WebMVC 应用程序，它使用 Hibernate 作为后端。由于我的域模型不断变化，并且我没有使用旧数据库作为后端，因此我将 Hibernate 设置为每次启动应用程序时自动生成表，方法是：<property name="generateDdl" value="true"/>在我的弹簧配置中。

问题来自于我的一个实体与共享同一父类的实体类型有两个一对多关系。这是我的课程的非常基本的版本，但仍然显示问题：

@Entity
public abstract class Base {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private long id;
}


@Entity
public class ChildTypeA extends Base{

}

@Entity
public class ChildTypeB extends Base{

}




@Entity
public class Container {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private long id;

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    Set<ChildTypeA> childrenA = new HashSet<ChildTypeA> ();

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    Set<ChildTypeB> childrenB = new HashSet<ChildTypeB>();

    public void addChildA(ChildTypeA child){
        childrenA.add(child);
    }
    public void addChildB(ChildTypeB child){
        childrenB.add(child);
    }
}

运行以下测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath*:WEB-INF/spring-data.xml")
public class NewTest {

    @Autowired
    DataGenerator dataGenerator;

    @Test
    //@Transactional
    public void test(){
        dataGenerator.generateTestData();
    }
}




@Component
public class DataGenerator {
    @PersistenceContext
    EntityManager em;

    @Transactional
    public void generateTestData(){
        Container c = new Container();
        c.addChildA(new ChildTypeA());
        em.persist(c);
    }
}

给我以下日志：

Hibernate: insert into Base (id, DTYPE) values (null, 'ChildTypeA')
Hibernate: call identity()
Hibernate: insert into Container (id) values (null)
Hibernate: call identity()
Hibernate: insert into Container_Base (Container_id, childrenA_id) values (?, ?)
WARN : org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - SQL Error: 0, SQLState: null
ERROR: org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - failed batch
ERROR: org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener - Could not synchronize database state with session
org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:140)
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:128)
    at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:262)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:182)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:51)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1206)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:375)
    at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:76)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doCommit(JpaTransactionManager.java:467)
    at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.processCommit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:754)
    at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.commit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:723)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.commitTransactionAfterReturning(TransactionAspectSupport.java:393)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:120)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.Cglib2AopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(Cglib2AopProxy.java:621)
    at com.whiteboard.wb.data.sample.DataGenerator$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$5c355801.generateTestData(<generated>)
    at entity.NewTest.test(NewTest.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:82)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:199)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120)
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: failed batch
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcPreparedStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
    ... 49 more
Hibernate: select container0_.id as id3_ from Container container0_

org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateJdbcException: JDBC exception on Hibernate data access: SQLException for SQL [insert into Container_Base (Container_id, childrenA_id) values (?, ?)]; SQL state [null]; error code [0]; Could not execute JDBC batch update; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
    at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.convertHibernateAccessException(SessionFactoryUtils.java:645)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:102)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doCommit(JpaTransactionManager.java:471)
    at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.processCommit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:754)
    at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.commit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:723)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.commitTransactionAfterReturning(TransactionAspectSupport.java:393)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:120)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.Cglib2AopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(Cglib2AopProxy.java:621)
    at com.whiteboard.wb.data.sample.DataGenerator$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$5c355801.generateTestData(<generated>)
    at entity.NewTest.test(NewTest.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:82)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:199)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120)
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:140)
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:128)
    at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:262)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:182)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:51)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1206)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:375)
    at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:76)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doCommit(JpaTransactionManager.java:467)
    ... 40 more
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: failed batch
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcPreparedStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
    ... 49 more

但是，如果我将 @Test 方法包装在 @Transactional 中，错误就会消失，容器和子容器都会成功保留。 另外，如果我删除带有 ChildTypeB 的 OneToMany 并且仅与 ChildTypeA 存在关系，则容器和子项都会成功保留。

这是 Spring 的应用程序管理持久性的错误吗？还是我对@Transactional的理解错误？或者，我是否需要告诉 Hibernate 将子项分成不同的表，无论是通过关系上的注释还是类本身的注释？

谢谢您的帮助。

Edit:

添加我的 Persistence.xml 和 spring-data.xml

Persistence.xml（所有实际工作都在 spring-data.xml 中完成）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="spring-jpa" />
</persistence>

spring-data.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- Scans the classpath of this application for @Components to deploy as beans -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.whiteboard.wb"/>
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="spring-jpa"/>
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
                <property name="generateDdl" value="true"/>
                <property name="database" value="HSQL"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="HSQL"/>

</beans>

这样做只有一个问题：Base应注释为@MappedSuperClass代替@Entity。之后——并提供一个 pom——它工作得很好，无论有没有@Transactional关于测试方法。我把它放在github上了。你可以浏览它 https://github.com/zzantozz/testbed/tree/master/stackoverflow/7809543-hibernate-spring-jpa或克隆并运行它

git clone git://github.com/zzantozz/testbed tmp
cd tmp
mvn clean test -pl stackoverflow/7809543-hibernate-spring-jpa

我认为在提炼它的过程中，你就排除了导致问题的原因。有时，当你完全迷失时，创建项目的一个分支（如果你在 git 中）或在单独的目录中创建一个副本（如果你背负着 SVN）并开始破解这些内容会很有帮助。除非您能准确地找到导致问题的代码/配置，否则这不会有问题。

Update:理解黎明。第一个问题：根据测试是否为@Transactional，它的行为有所不同的原因是您的测试交易与您的测试交易不同DataGenerator交易。在测试中，交易是测试结束时回滚 http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-reference/html/testing.html#testing-tx. In DataGenerator，已经承诺了。更重要的是，EntityManager 在测试中不会刷新，因为这通常只在提交时发生。flush() http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/persistence/EntityManager.html#flush%28%29是什么导致 SQL 被发送到数据库，这就是你的错误的来源。如果您使用 EntityManager 注入测试并调用flush()在测试方法末尾添加它，然后您将在 @Transactional 测试中看到与现在在非 @Transactional 测试中看到的行为相同的行为。当您进行事务回滚以保持数据库干净时，这是非常标准的测试费用。

第二个问题：因为 Base 是一个实体，而不仅仅是一个包含一些公共字段的超类，就像我最初想象的那样，所以你正在处理继承映射 http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/core/3.6/reference/en-US/html/inheritance.html。 （基于注释的继承在单独的Hibernate 注解参考 http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/annotations/3.5/reference/en/html_single/#entity-hibspec-inheritance.) 无论你是否意识到，你已经隐含地选择了“单表”继承策略 http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/core/3.6/reference/en-US/html/inheritance.html。无论好坏，它都是 JPA 默认的映射继承。这意味着 Base、ChildTypeA 和 ChildTypeB 的所有字段都包含在 Base 表中。如果您关闭日志记录以进行调试，您将看到 Hibernate 正在生成以下表结构：

create table Base (DTYPE varchar(31) not null, id bigint generated by default as identity (start with 1), primary key (id))
create table Container (id bigint generated by default as identity (start with 1), primary key (id))
create table Container_Base (Container_id bigint not null, childrenB_id bigint not null, childrenA_id bigint not null, primary key (Container_id, childrenA_id), unique (childrenB_id), unique (childrenA_id))

你的麻烦来自Container_Base。如果仔细观察，您会发现该表中的条目需要同时具有 ChildTypeA 主键andChildTypeB 主键。这不能准确反映您的对象模型，它们是两个不相关的集合。我不确定 Hibernate 为什么要这样做。我的猜测是，它只看到两个（隐式）联接表映射（即一对多关系的两个联接表），它们具有相同的表名并将它们组合在一起。对我来说，这看起来像是错误报告的候选者。无论如何，至少有两种方法可以解决这个问题：

1. 切换到每类表继承策略 http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/core/3.6/reference/en-US/html/inheritance.html#inheritance-tablepersubclass通过增加@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED) http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/persistence/Inheritance.html到基地。这将为 Base、ChildTypeA 和 ChildTypeB 创建单独的表。然后连接表将自行排序，因为没有歧义。
2. 使用以下命令显式命名容器映射中的联接表：@JoinTable(name = "containerChildA") http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/persistence/JoinTable.html and @JoinTable(name = "containerChildB")作为适当的。这将创建您需要的两个单独的联接表，但将 Base、ChildTypeA 和 ChildTypeB 全部保留在同一个表中。