如何使用 Prometheus Alert Manager 在 Kubernetes 中触发警报

我在集群中设置了 kube-prometheus（https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/tree/master/contrib/kube-prometheus https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/tree/master/contrib/kube-prometheus）。它包含一些默认警报，例如“CoreDNSdown 等”。如何创建我自己的警报？

任何人都可以为我提供示例示例来创建将向我的 gmail 帐户发送电子邮件的警报吗？

我跟着这个当 docker 容器 pod 出现 Error 或 CarshLoopBackOff kubernetes 时发出警报 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49472375/alert-when-docker-container-pod-is-in-error-or-carshloopbackoff-kubernetes。但我无法让它发挥作用。

要将警报发送到您的 gmail 帐户，您需要在文件中设置警报管理器配置，例如alertmanager.yaml：

cat <<EOF > alertmanager.yml
route:
  group_by: [Alertname]
  # Send all notifications to me.
  receiver: email-me

receivers:
- name: email-me
  email_configs:
  - to: $GMAIL_ACCOUNT
    from: $GMAIL_ACCOUNT
    smarthost: smtp.gmail.com:587
    auth_username: "$GMAIL_ACCOUNT"
    auth_identity: "$GMAIL_ACCOUNT"
    auth_password: "$GMAIL_AUTH_TOKEN"
EOF

现在，当您使用 kube-prometheus 时，您将拥有一个名为alertmanager-main这是默认配置alertmanager。你需要创建一个秘密alertmanager-main再次使用以下命令使用新配置：

kubectl create secret generic alertmanager-main --from-file=alertmanager.yaml -n monitoring

现在，您的警报管理器已设置为在收到来自普罗米修斯的警报时发送电子邮件。

现在您需要设置一个警报，您的邮件将根据该警报发送。您可以设置 DeadManSwitch 警报，该警报在每种情况下都会触发，并用于检查您的警报管道

groups:
- name: meta
  rules:
    - alert: DeadMansSwitch
      expr: vector(1)
      labels:
        severity: critical
      annotations:
        description: This is a DeadMansSwitch meant to ensure that the entire Alerting
          pipeline is functional.
        summary: Alerting DeadMansSwitch

之后DeadManSwitch警报将被触发，并应向您的邮箱发送电子邮件。

参考链接：

https://coreos.com/tectonic/docs/latest/tectonic-prometheus-operator/user-guides/configuring-prometheus-alertmanager.html https://coreos.com/tectonic/docs/latest/tectonic-prometheus-operator/user-guides/configuring-prometheus-alertmanager.html

EDIT:

deadmanswitch 警报应该放在普罗米修斯正在读取的配置映射中。我将在这里分享我的普罗米修斯的相关快照：

"spec": {
        "alerting": {
            "alertmanagers": [
                {
                    "name": "alertmanager-main",
                    "namespace": "monitoring",
                    "port": "web"
                }
            ]
        },
        "baseImage": "quay.io/prometheus/prometheus",
        "replicas": 2,
        "resources": {
            "requests": {
                "memory": "400Mi"
            }
        },
        "ruleSelector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "prometheus": "prafull",
                "role": "alert-rules"
            }
        },

上面的配置是我的 prometheus.json 文件，其中包含要使用的 Alertmanager 名称和ruleSelector这将根据以下条件选择规则prometheus and role标签。所以我的规则配置映射如下：

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: prometheus-rules
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    role: alert-rules
    prometheus: prafull
data:
  alert-rules.yaml: |+
   groups:
   - name: alerting_rules
     rules:
       - alert: LoadAverage15m
         expr: node_load15 >= 0.50
         labels:
           severity: major
         annotations:
           summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} - high load average"
           description: "{{ $labels.instance  }} (measured by {{ $labels.job }}) has high load average ({{ $value }}) over 15 minutes."

更换DeadManSwitch在上面的配置图中。