Android 通过Otg/USB 进行串口通信（连接Arduino等开发板为例)

2023-05-16

本人手头的板子是Esp32，因为工作需要要把板子与手机连线，通过手机Otg功能进行串口通信，开发了一个简单的串口通信助手，现在记录下：

driver library配置

这里为了方便直接用lib。用到的是usb-serial-for-android

1.在project的build.gradle里添加：

allprojects {
    repositories {
        ...
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
    }
}

2.在app/module的build.gradle里添加：

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.github.mik3y:usb-serial-for-android:3.4.0'
}

3.Sync project
4.在AndroidManifest.xml添加：

<activity
    android:name="..."
    ...>
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED" />
    </intent-filter>
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED"
        android:resource="@xml/device_filter" />
</activity>

其中，在res目录下新建xml目录，添加device_filter.xml文件，实例如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <!-- 0x0403 / 0x60??: FTDI -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1027" product-id="24577" /> <!-- 0x6001: FT232R -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1027" product-id="24592" /> <!-- 0x6010: FT2232H -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1027" product-id="24593" /> <!-- 0x6011: FT4232H -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1027" product-id="24596" /> <!-- 0x6014: FT232H -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1027" product-id="24597" /> <!-- 0x6015: FT230X, FT231X, FT234XD -->

    <!-- 0x10C4 / 0xEA??: Silabs CP210x -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="4292" product-id="60000" /> <!-- 0xea60: CP2102 and other CP210x single port devices -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="4292" product-id="60016" /> <!-- 0xea70: CP2105 -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="4292" product-id="60017" /> <!-- 0xea71: CP2108 -->

    <!-- 0x067B / 0x23?3: Prolific PL2303x -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="8963" /> <!-- 0x2303: PL2303HX, HXD, TA, ... -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="9123" /> <!-- 0x23a3: PL2303GC -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="9139" /> <!-- 0x23b3: PL2303GB -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="9155" /> <!-- 0x23c3: PL2303GT -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="9171" /> <!-- 0x23d3: PL2303GL -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="9187" /> <!-- 0x23e3: PL2303GE -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1659" product-id="9203" /> <!-- 0x23f3: PL2303GS -->

    <!-- 0x1a86 / 0x?523: Qinheng CH34x -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="6790" product-id="21795" /> <!-- 0x5523: CH341A -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="6790" product-id="29987" /> <!-- 0x7523: CH340 -->

    <!-- CDC driver -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="9025" />                   <!-- 0x2341 / ......: Arduino -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="5824" product-id="1155" /> <!-- 0x16C0 / 0x0483: Teensyduino  -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1003" product-id="8260" /> <!-- 0x03EB / 0x2044: Atmel Lufa -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="7855" product-id="4"    /> <!-- 0x1eaf / 0x0004: Leaflabs Maple -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="3368" product-id="516"  /> <!-- 0x0d28 / 0x0204: ARM mbed -->
    <usb-device vendor-id="1155" product-id="22336" /><!-- 0x0483 / 0x5740: ST CDC -->
</resources>

注：这里的vendor-id和product-id每个设备都不一样，电脑上连接设备后通过设备管理器-端口-右键属性-详细信息-选择硬件id查看对应的vendor-id和product-id后，按照格式后进行添加。

连接并监听端口

需要先允许应用权限：

            // Find all available drivers from attached devices.
            UsbManager manager = (UsbManager) getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
            List<UsbSerialDriver> availableDrivers = UsbSerialProber.getDefaultProber().findAllDrivers(manager);
            if (availableDrivers.isEmpty()) {
                return;
            }

            // Open a connection to the first available driver.
            UsbSerialDriver driver = availableDrivers.get(0);
            UsbDeviceConnection connection = manager.openDevice(driver.getDevice());
            if (connection == null) {
                // add UsbManager.requestPermission(driver.getDevice(), ..) handling here
                Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Error", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }

            port = driver.getPorts().get(0); // Most devices have just one port (port 0)
            try {
                port.open(connection);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
            //这里设置
                port.setParameters(115200, 8, UsbSerialPort.STOPBITS_1, UsbSerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            if(port.isOpen()){
                //progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                //output("Set port Success!");

                mSerialIoManager = new SerialInputOutputManager(port, mListener);//添加监听
                mSerialIoManager.start();//开始
            }

这里我是连上后就立刻开始监听，Listener设置如下：

private final  SerialInputOutputManager.Listener mListener =
            new SerialInputOutputManager.Listener() {
                @Override
                public void onRunError(Exception e) {
                    Log.d("TAG", "Runner stopped.");
                }

                @Override
                public void onNewData(final byte[] data) {
                    //TODO 新的数据
                    runOnUiThread(()->{output(new String(data));});
                    //这里每次听到数据都直接打印出结果
                }
            };

发送数据

           try {
                //这里1000可以设置为0，表示一直等到数据发送成功
                port.write(strSend.getBytes(),1000);
                Toast.makeText(this, "Write Successful", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

关闭连接

            try {
                port.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if(!port.isOpen()){
                //output("Close Port!");
                //progressBar.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            }

这样就实现了一个简单的串口通信app，后续还需要针对需求进行修改。

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