目录
1 df命令
2 du命令
3 磁盘分区
1 df命令
-
命令df(disk filesystem的简写)用于查看已挂载磁盘的总容量、使用容量、剩余容量等,可以不加任何参数,默认以KB为单位显
-i:表示查看inodes的使用状况,如已使用100%,即使磁盘空间有富余,也会提示磁盘空间已满
-h:表示使用合适的单位显示,例如GB
-k、-m:分别表示以KB和MB为单位显示
[root@worker1 ~]# df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18812928 24912 18788016 1% /
devtmpfs 232207 370 231837 1% /dev
tmpfs 234575 1 234574 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 234575 427 234148 1% /run
tmpfs 234575 13 234562 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 204800 330 204470 1% /boot
tmpfs 234575 1 234574 1% /run/user/0
[root@worker1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 1.9G 17G 11% /
devtmpfs 908M 0 908M 0% /dev
tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 917M 8.5M 908M 1% /run
tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
[root@worker1 ~]# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18802688 1956628 16846060 11% /
devtmpfs 928828 0 928828 0% /dev
tmpfs 938300 0 938300 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 938300 8700 929600 1% /run
tmpfs 938300 0 938300 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 201388 105224 96164 53% /boot
tmpfs 187664 0 187664 0% /run/user/0
[root@worker1 ~]# df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18362 1911 16452 11% /
devtmpfs 908 0 908 0% /dev
tmpfs 917 0 917 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 917 9 908 1% /run
tmpfs 917 0 917 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197 103 94 53% /boot
tmpfs 184 0 184 0% /run/user/0
[root@worker1 ~]# free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1876604 106036 1642596 8704 127972 1637472
Swap: 1952764 0 1952764
2 du命令
-
命令du(disk useage)用来查看某个目录或文件所占空间的大小,其格式为 du [-abckmsh] [文件或者目录名]
-a:表示全部文件和目录的大小都列出来。如果后面不加任何选项和参数,则只会列出目录(包含子目录)的大小。如果du命令不指定单位的话,默认显示单位为“KB”
-b:表示列出的值以B为单位输出。
-k:表示以KB为单位输出,这和默认不加任何选项的输出值是一样的。
-m:表示以MB为单位输出。
-h:表示系统自动调节单位。例如,如果文件太小,可能就几千字节,就以KB为单位显示;如果文件大到千兆字节,就以GB为单位显示。若一个文件小于4KB,当使用-k选项时,也会显示4KB,同理,使用-m选项时,也会有类似问题,这里涉及到系统存储单位为4096B即4KB
-c:表示最后加总
-s:表示只列出总和
[root@worker1 ~]# du -a /root/
4 /root/.bash_logout
4 /root/.bash_profile
4 /root/.bashrc
4 /root/.cshrc
4 /root/.tcshrc
4 /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
16 /root/.bash_history
4 /root/.ssh/known_hosts
4 /root/.ssh/id_rsa
4 /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
4 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
16 /root/.ssh
0 /root/file1.txt.bak
0 /root/file2.txt.bak
4 /root/.lesshst
4 /root/dir1/file1.txt
4 /root/dir1
4 /root/file.txt
4 /root/hard.txt.bak
4 /root/file_windows.txt
4 /root/.Xauthority
84 /root/
[root@worker1 ~]# du -b /tmp/
6 /tmp/.ICE-unix
6 /tmp/.X11-unix
6 /tmp/.XIM-unix
6 /tmp/.font-unix
6 /tmp/.Test-unix
23 /tmp/lesson8/dir1/dir2
121 /tmp/lesson8/dir1
138 /tmp/lesson8
6 /tmp/lesson9/dir1
6 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir3
6 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir4
6 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/file2.txt
78 /tmp/lesson9/dir2
112 /tmp/lesson9
27 /tmp/dir2
6 /tmp/dir1/dir2
51 /tmp/dir1
4500 /tmp/
[root@worker1 ~]# du -k /tmp/
0 /tmp/.ICE-unix
0 /tmp/.X11-unix
0 /tmp/.XIM-unix
0 /tmp/.font-unix
0 /tmp/.Test-unix
4 /tmp/lesson8/dir1/dir2
8 /tmp/lesson8/dir1
8 /tmp/lesson8
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir1
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir3
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir4
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/file2.txt
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2
0 /tmp/lesson9
0 /tmp/dir2
0 /tmp/dir1/dir2
4 /tmp/dir1
20 /tmp/
[root@worker1 ~]# du -m /tmp/
0 /tmp/.ICE-unix
0 /tmp/.X11-unix
0 /tmp/.XIM-unix
0 /tmp/.font-unix
0 /tmp/.Test-unix
1 /tmp/lesson8/dir1/dir2
1 /tmp/lesson8/dir1
1 /tmp/lesson8
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir1
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir3
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir4
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/file2.txt
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2
0 /tmp/lesson9
0 /tmp/dir2
0 /tmp/dir1/dir2
1 /tmp/dir1
1 /tmp/
[root@worker1 ~]# du -h /tmp/
0 /tmp/.ICE-unix
0 /tmp/.X11-unix
0 /tmp/.XIM-unix
0 /tmp/.font-unix
0 /tmp/.Test-unix
4.0K /tmp/lesson8/dir1/dir2
8.0K /tmp/lesson8/dir1
8.0K /tmp/lesson8
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir1
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir3
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir4
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/file2.txt
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2
0 /tmp/lesson9
0 /tmp/dir2
0 /tmp/dir1/dir2
4.0K /tmp/dir1
20K /tmp/
[root@worker1 ~]# du -c /tmp/
0 /tmp/.ICE-unix
0 /tmp/.X11-unix
0 /tmp/.XIM-unix
0 /tmp/.font-unix
0 /tmp/.Test-unix
4 /tmp/lesson8/dir1/dir2
8 /tmp/lesson8/dir1
8 /tmp/lesson8
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir1
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir3
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/dir4
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2/file2.txt
0 /tmp/lesson9/dir2
0 /tmp/lesson9
0 /tmp/dir2
0 /tmp/dir1/dir2
4 /tmp/dir1
20 /tmp/
20 total
[root@worker1 ~]# du -s /tmp/
20 /tmp/
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh /tmp/
20K /tmp/
3 磁盘分区
3.1虚拟机->设置
3.2选择硬盘,点击下一步
3.3保持默认即可
3.4选择第一个,点下一步
3.5硬盘大小设置,因为做实验,本人设置5GB,点击下一步
3.6保持默认,点击完成
3.7点击完成
3.8开始界面就会有两个硬盘了,然后开启虚拟机
-
fdisk是Linux下硬盘的分区工具,是一个非常实用的命令,但是fdisk只能划分小于2TB的分区
-
fdisk [-l ] [设备名称],其选项只有-l。选项-l后面不加设备名称,会直接列出系统中所有的磁盘设备以及分区表;加上设备名称,则会列出该设备的分区表查看系统的硬盘信息
[root@worker1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d76be
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4317183 1952768 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4317184 41943039 18812928 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- 由上信息,增加的硬盘是/dev/sdb/,fdisk /dev/sdb进行硬盘分区
[root@worker1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x530aa6fb.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
p:表示打印当前磁盘的分区情况
n:表示建立一个新的分区
w:表示保存
q:表示退出
d:表示删除一个分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- 以上信息可以看到,硬盘还没有分区:
- 现在进行,分4个主分区,前三个分区各为1GB,最后一个2G,步骤:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):1 //因为这里保持默认值1,直接按回车了,这个分区号是可选的
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):2
First sector (2099200-10485759, default 2099200):
Using default value 2099200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):3
First sector (4196352-10485759, default 4196352):
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): p
Selected partition 4
First sector (6293504-10485759, default 6293504):
Using default value 6293504
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (6293504-10485759, default 10485759):
Using default value 10485759
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 6293504 10485759 2096128 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w //如果需要保存分区,输入w即可,保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@worker1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d76be
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4317183 1952768 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4317184 41943039 18812928 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 6293504 10485759 2096128 83 Linux
[root@worker1 ~]#
- 分区:主分区+扩展分区
- 3个主分区,1个扩展分区,步骤:
- 进入分区模式,输入d进行分区删除
[root@worker1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4, default 4):4
Partition 4 is deleted
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-3, default 3):3
Partition 3 is deleted
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2):2
Partition 2 is deleted
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help):
删除分区之后,再重新创建分区:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):1
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):2
First sector (1026048-10485759, default 1026048):
Using default value 1026048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):3
First sector (3123200-10485759, default 3123200):
Using default value 3123200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (3123200-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): e
Selected partition 4
First sector (5220352-10485759, default 5220352):
Using default value 5220352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (5220352-10485759, default 10485759):
Using default value 10485759
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 2.5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (5222400-10485759, default 5222400):
Using default value 5222400
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (5222400-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (7321600-10485759, default 7321600):
Using default value 7321600
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (7321600-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (9420800-10485759, default 9420800):
Using default value 9420800
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (9420800-10485759, default 10485759):
Using default value 10485759
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 520 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1026048 3123199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 3123200 5220351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 5220352 10485759 2632704 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 5222400 7319551 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 7321600 9418751 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 9420800 10485759 532480 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@worker1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d76be
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4317183 1952768 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4317184 41943039 18812928 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530aa6fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1026048 3123199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 3123200 5220351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 5220352 10485759 2632704 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 5222400 7319551 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 7321600 9418751 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 9420800 10485759 532480 83 Linux
[root@worker1 ~]#
扩展学习parted分区gpt格式
http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-7243-1-1.html