我已经安装了 PostgreSQL，但是当我运行命令时postgres在Windows CMD中
它给出以下错误：
postgres does not know where to find the server configuration file.
You must specify the --config-file or -D invocation option or set the PGDATA environment variable.
即使运行命令后
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initdb postgres按照维护类似问题 https://superuser.com/questions/442554/postgresql-homebrew-installation-lacks-config-files
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postgres -D C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\data\给了我以下输出：
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT LOG: could not bind IPv6 socket: Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted.
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 5432? If not, wait a few seconds and retry.
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT LOG: could not bind IPv4 socket: Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted.
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 5432? If not, wait a few seconds and retry.
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT WARNING: could not create listen socket for "*"
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT FATAL: could not create any TCP/IP sockets
2016-09-28 15:04:57 PDT LOG: database system is shut down
正如错误所示，要启动 postgresql 集群，您必须设置数据文件夹的路径。大概是这样的：
postgres -D "C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\data\"
但使用pg_ctl反而postgres被推荐：
pg_ctl -D "C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\data\" start
不要忘记检查 postgres 文档如何启动服务器 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/server-start.html and 如何使用pg_ctl https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/app-pg-ctl.html.
通常，postgres 安装程序会创建一个服务/守护进程，因此不需要手动启动服务器。所以如果你收到类似的错误
Is another postmaster already running on port 5432?
这可能意味着服务器已经在运行。尝试使用连接到它psql
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