我正在使用 R 来提取包含特定人名的句子来自文本，这是一个示例段落：

在蒂宾根，他作为改革家遭到反对，但在他的叔公约翰·罗伊克林的推荐下，他接受了马丁·路德的召唤，进入维滕贝格大学。梅兰希顿 21 岁时成为维滕贝格的希腊语教授。他研究圣经，尤其是保罗的圣经和福音派教义。他作为旁观者出席了莱比锡辩论（1519），但通过评论参与其中。约翰·埃克（Johann Eck）攻击了他的观点，梅兰希顿（Melanchthon）根据《辩护反对约翰·埃克乌姆》（Defensio contra Johannem Eckium）中圣经的权威进行了回应。

在这短短的一段话里，有好几个人名，比如：约翰·罗伊克林, 梅兰希顿, 约翰·艾克。在...的帮助下openNLP包裹，三个人的名字马丁路德, Paul and 梅兰希顿可以正确提取并识别。然后我有两个问题：

1. 我怎样才能提取包含这些名字的句子?
2. 由于命名实体识别器的输出不太有希望，如果我将“[[ ]]”添加到每个名称，例如 [[Johann Reuchlin]]、[[Melanchthon]]，我该如何提取包含这些名称表达的句子[[A]]、[[B]] ...？

Using `strsplit` and `grep`, first I set made an object `para` which was your paragraph.

toMatch <- c("Martin Luther", "Paul", "Melanchthon")

unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse="|"),unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\.")))]


> unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse="|"),unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\.")))]
[1] "Opposed as a reformer at Tübingen, he accepted a call to the University of Wittenberg by Martin Luther, recommended by his great-uncle Johann Reuchlin"
[2] " Melanchthon became professor of the Greek language in Wittenberg at the age of 21"                                                                    
[3] " He studied the Scripture, especially of Paul, and Evangelical doctrine"                                                                               
[4] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"    

或者更干净一点：

sentences<-unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))
sentences[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse="|"),sentences)]

如果您正在寻找每个人所在的句子作为单独的返回，那么：

toMatch <- c("Martin Luther", "Paul", "Melanchthon")
sentences<-unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))
foo<-function(Match){sentences[grep(Match,sentences)]}
lapply(toMatch,foo)

[[1]]
[1] "Opposed as a reformer at Tübingen, he accepted a call to the University of Wittenberg by Martin Luther, recommended by his great-uncle Johann Reuchlin"

[[2]]
[1] " He studied the Scripture, especially of Paul, and Evangelical doctrine"

[[3]]
[1] " Melanchthon became professor of the Greek language in Wittenberg at the age of 21"                                                   
[2] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"

编辑 3：要添加每个人的姓名，请执行一些简单的操作，例如：

foo<-function(Match){c(Match,sentences[grep(Match,sentences)])}

EDIT 4:

如果您想查找包含多个人/地点/事物（单词）的句子，则只需为这两个添加一个参数，例如：

toMatch <- c("Martin Luther", "Paul", "Melanchthon","(?=.*Melanchthon)(?=.*Scripture)")

并改变perl to TRUE:

foo<-function(Match){c(Match,sentences[grep(Match,sentences,perl = T)])}


> lapply(toMatch,foo)
[[1]]
[1] "Martin Luther"                                                                                                                                         
[2] "Opposed as a reformer at Tübingen, he accepted a call to the University of Wittenberg by Martin Luther, recommended by his great-uncle Johann Reuchlin"

[[2]]
[1] "Paul"                                                                   
[2] " He studied the Scripture, especially of Paul, and Evangelical doctrine"

[[3]]
[1] "Melanchthon"                                                                                                                          
[2] " Melanchthon became professor of the Greek language in Wittenberg at the age of 21"                                                   
[3] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"

[[4]]
[1] "(?=.*Melanchthon)(?=.*Scripture)"                                                                                                     
[2] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"

编辑5：回答你的其他问题：

Given:

sentenceR<-"Opposed as a reformer at [[Tübingen]], he accepted a call to the University of [[Wittenberg]] by [[Martin Luther]], recommended by his great-uncle [[Johann Reuchlin]]"

gsub("\\[\\[|\\]\\]", "", regmatches(sentenceR, gregexpr("\\[\\[.*?\\]\\]", sentenceR))[[1]])

会给你双括号内的单词。

> gsub("\\[\\[|\\]\\]", "", regmatches(sentenceR, gregexpr("\\[\\[.*?\\]\\]", sentenceR))[[1]])
[1] "Tübingen"        "Wittenberg"      "Martin Luther"   "Johann Reuchlin"