我正在制作一个带有长轴标签的条形图，我需要将其换行并右对齐。唯一的复杂之处是我需要添加一个表达式来具有上标。

library(ggplot2)
library(scales) 
df <- data.frame("levs" = c("a long label i want to wrap",
                            "another also long label"),
                 "vals" = c(1,2))

p <- ggplot(df, aes(x = levs, y = vals)) + 
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +  
  coord_flip() + 
  scale_x_discrete(labels = wrap_format(20))

这会产生所需的结果：

文本正确包装，所有标签完全右对齐。

但是现在我尝试使用以下代码添加上标，并且轴文本对齐方式发生变化：

p <- ggplot(df, aes(x = levs, y = vals)) + 
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +  
  coord_flip() + 
  scale_x_discrete(labels = c(expression("exponent"^1),
                              wrap_format(20)("another also long label")))

（注意，我不能像向其他有相同问题的人推荐的那样使用 unicode，因为它不适用于我需要使用的字体）。

即使轴标签之一包含表达式，如何才能使轴文本右对齐？

这是一件奇怪的事情，但是如果一个向量（例如标签的字符向量）包含由expression()，整个向量似乎被视为一个表达式：

# create a simple vector with one expression & one character string
label.vector <- c(expression("exponent"^1),
                  wrap_format(20)("another also long label"))

> sapply(label.vector, class) # the items have different classes when considered separately
[1] "call"      "character"

> class(label.vector) # but together, it's considered an expression
[1] "expression"

...并且表达式始终左对齐。这不是 ggplot 特有的现象；我们也可以在基本绘图函数中观察它：

# even with default hjust = 0.5 / vjust = 0.5 (i.e. central alignment), an expression is 
# anchored based on the midpoint of its last line, & left-aligned within its text block
ggplot() +
  annotate("point", x = 1:2, y = 1) +
  annotate("text", x = 1, y = 1, 
           label = expression("long string\nwith single line break"))+
  annotate("text", x = 2, y = 1, 
           label = expression("long string\nwith multiple line\nbreaks here")) +
  xlim(c(0.5, 2.5))

# same phenomenon observed in base plot
par(mfrow = c(1, 3))
plot(0, xlab=expression("short string"))
plot(0, xlab=expression("long string\nwith single line break"))
plot(0, xlab=expression("long string\nwith multiple line\nbreaks here"))

解决方法

如果我们可以强制单独考虑每个标签，而不受标签向量中其他标签的影响，则非表达式标签可以像普通字符串一样对齐。一种方法是将 ggplot 对象转换为 grob，并将 y 轴标签的单个 textGrob 替换为多个文本 grob，每个标签一个。

准备工作：

# generate plot (leave the labels as default)
p <- ggplot(df, aes(x = levs, y = vals)) + 
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +  
  coord_flip()
p

# define a list (don't use `c(...)` here) of desired y-axis labels, starting with the
# bottom-most label in your plot & work up from there
desired.labels <- list(expression("exponent"^1),
                       wrap_format(20)("another also long label"))

格罗布黑客攻击：

library(grid)
library(magrittr)

# convert to grob object
gp <- ggplotGrob(p)

# locate label grob in the left side y-axis
old.label <- gp$grobs[[grep("axis-l", gp$layout$name)]]$children[["axis"]]$grobs[[1]]$children[[1]]

# define each label as its own text grob, replacing the values with those from
# our list of desired y-axis labels
new.label <- lapply(seq_along(old.label$label),
                    function(i) textGrob(label = desired.labels[[i]],
                                         x = old.label$x[i], y = old.label$y[i],
                                         just = old.label$just, hjust = old.label$hjust,
                                         vjust = old.label$vjust, rot = old.label$rot,
                                         check.overlap = old.label$check.overlap,
                                         gp = old.label$gp))

# remove the old label
gp$grobs[[grep("axis-l", gp$layout$name)]]$children[["axis"]]$grobs[[1]] %<>%
  removeGrob(.$children[[1]]$name)

# add new labels
for(i in seq_along(new.label)) {
  gp$grobs[[grep("axis-l", gp$layout$name)]]$children[["axis"]]$grobs[[1]] %<>%
    addGrob(new.label[[i]])
}

# check result
grid.draw(gp)