原因镜像源的问题
解决
将源换为官方源并安装aptitude
sudo apt-get update
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
sudo apt install -y aptitude
下载软件用： aptitude
三、命令示例
（一）安装、升级和删除软件包
升级系统所有的软件包
aptitude upgrade
将系统升级到新的发行版
aptitude dist-upgrade
注：这个命令会自动解决一些软件冲突问题，因此会删除一些软件包
安全升级系统的软件包
aptitude safe-upgrade
安装软件包
aptitude install pkgname
删除软件包（保留有关的配置文件）
aptitude remove pkgname
彻底删除软件包（删除有关的配置文件）
aptitude purge pkgname
（二）查询和检验软件包
根据关键词搜索软件包
aptitude search string
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