在标准Java库中包含150多个equals方法的实现,这里给出一个比较完美的实现方法。
1)显示参数命名为otherObject,稍后需要将它转换成另一个叫做other的变量。
2)检测this与otherObject是否引用同一个对象:
if(this == otherObject) return true;
这条语句只是一个优化。实际上这是一种经常使用的形式。
3)检测otherObject是否为null,如果为null,返回false。这项检测很必要。
if(otherObejct == null) return false;
比较this与otherObject是否为属于同一个类。如果equals的语义在每个子类中有所改变,就使用getClass检测:
if(getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
如果所有的子类都拥有统一的语义,就使用instanceof检测:
if(!(otherObejct instanceof ClassName)) return false;
4)将otherObject转换为相应的类类型变量:
ClassName other = (ClassName)otherObject;
5)现在开始对所有需要比较的域进行比较了。使用==比较基本类型域,使用equals比较对象域。如果所有的域都匹配,就返回true,否则返回false。
return field == other.field&&field.equals(other.field)&&...;
如果在子类中重新定义equals,就要在其中包含调用super.equals(other)。
import java.util.*;
public class EqualsTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee alice2 = alice1;
Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
boss.setBonus(5000);
System.out.println("boss.toString(): "+ boss);
System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
}
}
class Employee
{
public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
{
name = n;
salary = s;
GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month-1, day);
hireDay = calendar.getTime();
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public Date getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary*byPercent/100;
salary += raise;
}
public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
//a quick test to see if the objects are identical
if(this == otherObject)
return true;
//must return false if the explicit parameter is null
if(otherObject == null)
return false;
//if the classes don't match, they can't be equal
if(getClass() != otherObject.getClass())
return false;
//now we know otherObject is a non-null Employee
Employee other = (Employee)otherObject;
//test whether the fields have identical values
return name.equals(other.name)
&& salary == other.salary
&& hireDay.equals(other.hireDay);
}
public int hashCode()
{
return 7*name.hashCode() + 11*new Double(salary).hashCode()
+ 13*hireDay.hashCode();
}
public String toString()
{
return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name
+ ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay
+ "]";
}
private String name;
private double salary;
private Date hireDay;
}
class Manager extends Employee
{
public Manager(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
{
super(n, s, year, month, day);
bonus = 0;
}
public double getSalary()
{
double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
return baseSalary + bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double b)
{
bonus = b;
}
public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
if(!super.equals(otherObject))
return false;
Manager other = (Manager)otherObject;
//super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class
return bonus == other.bonus;
}
public int hashCode()
{
return super.hashCode() + 17*new Double(bonus).hashCode();
}
public String toString()
{
return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
}
private double bonus;
}
运行结果:
--------------------Configuration: <Default>--------------------
alice1 == alice2: true
alice1 == alice3: false
alice1.equals(alice3): true
alice1.equals(bob): false
bob.toString(): Employee[name=Bob Brandson,salary=50000.0,hireDay=Sun Oct 01 00:00:00 CST 1989]
boss.toString(): Manager[name=Carl Cracker,salary=80000.0,hireDay=Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 CST 1987][bonus=5000.0]
carl.equals(boss): false
alice1.hashCode(): 377780067
alice3.hashCode(): 377780067
bob.hashCode(): 955285015
carl.hashCode(): 386513600
Process completed.
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