前两天在虚拟机Vmware中安装了Ubuntu18.04操作系统，因为需要安装其他工具。所以想着执行命令
sudo apt-get update更新一下系统，以便进行安装。结果出现“E: The repository ‘http://xxx Release‘ does not have a Release file.”以及“E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli; then appstreamcli refresh-cache > /dev/null; fi'”的报错。
解决办法是：修改系统源文件sources.list的源地址；如果未解决，检查网络是否被监控，切换其他网络试试，例如开一个手机热点；更新过于老旧或者缺少的软件包
1、首先，先备份原来源文件sources.list
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bcakup2、使用gedit编辑，更改源文件sources.list内容
执行命令：
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
删除sources.list内容，并将以下内容全部复制到sources.list中
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse保存文件，退出。
3、重新执行更新命令，更新软件列表，检测出可以更新的软件。
sudo apt-get update如果你那边已经解决了，没有其他bug就可以不用看以下内容了。但我按照上面操作，仍出现“E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.”报错，如下所示：
Ign:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Ign:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Ign:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Ign:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease
Ign:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
Err:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic Release
SECURITY: URL redirect target contains control characters, rejecting. [IP: 119.96.136.238 80]
Err:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security Release
SECURITY: URL redirect target contains control characters, rejecting. [IP: 119.96.136.238 80]
Err:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates Release
SECURITY: URL redirect target contains control characters, rejecting. [IP: 119.96.136.238 80]
Err:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed Release
SECURITY: URL redirect target contains control characters, rejecting. [IP: 119.96.136.238 80]
Err:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports Release
SECURITY: URL redirect target contains control characters, rejecting. [IP: 119.96.136.238 80]
appstreamcli: error while loading shared libraries: libxapian.so.22: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli; then appstreamcli refresh-cache > /dev/null; fi'
后来，根据csdn一篇博客，我新建手机热点后，虚拟机中的操作系统改用手机热点连接，发现可以更新完毕。
初步分析，应该是公司的上网管理软件进行了限制，类似运营商的缓存劫持。
不过，更新完了之后，还出现了appstreamcli: error while loading shared libraries: libxapian.so.22: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Reading package lists... Done
E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli; then appstreamcli refresh-cache > /dev/null; fi'
E: Sub-process returned an error code的报错。
Fetched 70.8 MB in 4min 20s (272 kB/s)
appstreamcli: error while loading shared libraries: libxapian.so.22: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Reading package lists... Done
E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli; then appstreamcli refresh-cache > /dev/null; fi'
E: Sub-process returned an error code
这个问题是由于安装包过于老旧或者缺少软件包
解决方法：
sudo apt --fix-broken install
执行该操作以后，所有bug都全部修复。
希望能帮到你！
1、ubuntu apt update 报错：无法安全地用该源进行更新，所以默认禁用该源
2、dpkg dependency problems prevent configuration - 唐僧公子 - 博客园