补全前面博客中缺少的一些部分关于前面博客中的robotcar
(本文也可单独食用）
mkdir -p catkin_ws/src
~$ cd catkin_ws/
~/catkin_ws$ catkin_init_workspace
cd ..
catkin_make
创建所需文件夹
cd src
~/catkin_ws$ catkin_create_pkg robotcar rospy roscpp std_msgs
~/catkin_ws$ cd src/robotcar/
~/catkin_ws/src/robotcar$ mkdir launch
~/catkin_ws/src/robotcar$ mkdir urdf
~/catkin_ws/src/robotcar$ mkdir words
~/catkin_ws/src/robotcar$ touch urdf.rviz
sudo vi urdf.rviz
Panels:
- Class: rviz/Displays
Help Height: 78
Name: Displays
Property Tree Widget:
Expanded:
- /TF1/Frames1
Splitter Ratio: 0.5
Tree Height: 419
- Class: rviz/Selection
Name: Selection
- Class: rviz/Tool Properties
Expanded:
- /2D Pose Estimate1
- /2D Nav Goal1
- /Publish Point1
Name: Tool Properties
Splitter Ratio: 0.5886790156364441
- Class: rviz/Views
Expanded:
- /Current View1
Name: Views
Splitter Ratio: 0.5
- Class: rviz/Time
Experimental: false
Name: Time
SyncMode: 0
SyncSource: ""
Preferences:
PromptSaveOnExit: true
Toolbars:
toolButtonStyle: 2
Visualization Manager:
Class: ""
Displays:
- Alpha: 0.5
Cell Size: 1
Class: rviz/Grid
Color: 160; 160; 164
Enabled: true
Line Style:
Line Width: 0.029999999329447746
Value: Lines
Name: Grid
Normal Cell Count: 0
Offset:
X: 0
Y: 0
Z: 0
Plane: XY
Plane Cell Count: 10
Reference Frame: <Fixed Frame>
Value: true
- Alpha: 1
Class: rviz/RobotModel
Collision Enabled: false
Enabled: true
Links:
All Links Enabled: true
Expand Joint Details: false
Expand Link Details: false
Expand Tree: false
Link Tree Style: Links in Alphabetic Order
base_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
head:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
left_back_wheel:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
left_front_wheel:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
right_back_wheel:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
right_front_wheel:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
Name: RobotModel
Robot Description: robot_description
TF Prefix: ""
Update Interval: 0
Value: true
Visual Enabled: true
- Class: rviz/TF
Enabled: false
Frame Timeout: 15
Frames:
All Enabled: false
Marker Scale: 1
Name: TF
Show Arrows: true
Show Axes: true
Show Names: true
Tree:
{}
Update Interval: 0
Value: false
- Alpha: 1
Auto Size:
Auto Size Factor: 1
Value: true
Autocompute Intensity Bounds: true
Autocompute Value Bounds:
Max Value: 10
Min Value: -10
Value: true
Axis: Z
Channel Name: intensity
Class: rviz/DepthCloud
Color: 255; 255; 255
Color Image Topic: ""
Color Transformer: ""
Color Transport Hint: raw
Decay Time: 0
Depth Map Topic: ""
Depth Map Transport Hint: raw
Enabled: true
Invert Rainbow: false
Max Color: 255; 255; 255
Min Color: 0; 0; 0
Name: DepthCloud
Occlusion Compensation:
Occlusion Time-Out: 30
Value: false
Position Transformer: ""
Queue Size: 5
Selectable: true
Size (Pixels): 3
Style: Flat Squares
Topic Filter: true
Use Fixed Frame: true
Use rainbow: true
Value: true
Enabled: true
Global Options:
Background Color: 48; 48; 48
Default Light: true
Fixed Frame: base_link
Frame Rate: 30
Name: root
Tools:
- Class: rviz/Interact
Hide Inactive Objects: true
- Class: rviz/MoveCamera
- Class: rviz/Select
- Class: rviz/FocusCamera
- Class: rviz/Measure
- Class: rviz/SetInitialPose
Theta std deviation: 0.2617993950843811
Topic: /initialpose
X std deviation: 0.5
Y std deviation: 0.5
- Class: rviz/SetGoal
Topic: /move_base_simple/goal
- Class: rviz/PublishPoint
Single click: true
Topic: /clicked_point
Value: true
Views:
Current:
Class: rviz/Orbit
Distance: 3.6130359172821045
Enable Stereo Rendering:
Stereo Eye Separation: 0.05999999865889549
Stereo Focal Distance: 1
Swap Stereo Eyes: false
Value: false
Focal Point:
X: -0.10787245631217957
Y: -0.10073208808898926
Z: -0.018152864649891853
Focal Shape Fixed Size: true
Focal Shape Size: 0.05000000074505806
Invert Z Axis: false
Name: Current View
Near Clip Distance: 0.009999999776482582
Pitch: 0.5303989052772522
Target Frame: <Fixed Frame>
Value: Orbit (rviz)
Yaw: 2.6853959560394287
Saved: ~
Window Geometry:
Displays:
collapsed: false
Height: 889
Hide Left Dock: false
Hide Right Dock: true
QMainWindow State: 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
Selection:
collapsed: false
Time:
collapsed: false
Tool Properties:
collapsed: false
Views:
collapsed: true
Width: 1916
X: 0
Y: 0
在urdf文件夹里添加机器人模型
cd urdf
touch mybot.gazebo.xacro
touch myrot.xacro
sudo vi myrot.xacro
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<robot name="mybot" xmlns:xacro="http://ros.org/wiki/xacro">
<xacro:include filename="$(find robotcar)/urdf/mybot.gazebo.xacro" />
<link name="base_footprint"/>
<joint name="base_joint" type="fixed">
<parent link="base_footprint"/>
<child link="base_link"/>
<origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="base_link">
<inertial>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<mass value="0.1"/>
<inertia ixx="0.0001" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.0001" iyz="0" izz="0.001" />
</inertial>
<visual>
<geometry>
<box size="0.25 0.16 0.05"/>
</geometry>
<origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
<material name="blue">
<color rgba="0 0 0.8 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
<collision>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<box size="0.25 0.16 0.05"/>
</geometry>
</collision>
</link>
<link name="right_wheel_link">
<inertial>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<mass value="0.1"/>
<inertia ixx="0.0001" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.0001" iyz="0" izz="0.0001" />
</inertial>
<visual>
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.02" radius="0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
<collision>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.02" radius="0.025"/>
</geometry>
</collision>
</link>
<joint name="right_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<axis xyz="0 0 -1"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel_link"/>
<origin rpy="1.5707 0 0" xyz=" 0.1 -0.09 -0.03"/>
</joint>
<link name="left_wheel_link">
<inertial>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<mass value="0.1"/>
<inertia ixx="0.0001" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.0001" iyz="0" izz="0.0001" />
</inertial>
<visual>
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.02" radius="0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
<collision>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.02" radius="0.025"/>
</geometry>
</collision>
</link>
<joint name="left_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<axis xyz="0 0 -1"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel_link"/>
<origin rpy="1.5707 0 0" xyz="0.1 0.09 -0.03"/>
</joint>
<link name="ball_wheel_link">
<inertial>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<mass value="0.1"/>
<inertia ixx="0" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0" iyz="0" izz="0" />
</inertial>
<visual>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
<collision>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.025"/>
</geometry>
</collision>
</link>
<joint name="ball_wheel_joint" type="fixed">
<axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="ball_wheel_link"/>
<origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="-0.10 0 -0.03"/>
</joint>
<!-- imu sensor -->
<link name="imu">
<visual>
<geometry>
<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="imu_joint" type="fixed">
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="imu"/>
<origin xyz="0.08 0 0.025"/>
</joint>
<!-- camera -->
<link name="base_camera_link">
<visual>
<geometry>
<box size="0.02 0.03 0.03"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="camera_link" type="fixed">
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="base_camera_link"/>
<origin xyz="0.1 0 0.025"/>
</joint>
<!-- laser lidar -->
<link name="base_laser_link">
<visual>
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.06" radius="0.04"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="laser_joint" type="fixed">
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="base_laser_link"/>
<origin xyz="0 0.0 0.06"/>
</joint>
</robot>
sudo vi touch mybot.gazebo.xacro
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<robot name="mybot" xmlns:xacro="http://ros.org/wiki/xacro">
<xacro:arg name="laser_visual" default="false"/>
<xacro:arg name="camera_visual" default="false"/>
<xacro:arg name="imu_visual" default="false"/>
<gazebo reference="base_link">
<material>Gazebo/DarkGrey</material>
</gazebo>
<gazebo reference="left_wheel_link">
<mu1>0.5</mu1>
<mu2>0.5</mu2>
<kp>500000.0</kp>
<kd>10.0</kd>
<minDepth>0.001</minDepth>
<maxVel>1.0</maxVel>
<fdir1>1 0 0</fdir1>
<material>Gazebo/DarkGrey</material>
</gazebo>
<gazebo reference="right_wheel_link">
<mu1>0.5</mu1>
<mu2>0.5</mu2>
<kp>500000.0</kp>
<kd>10.0</kd>
<minDepth>0.001</minDepth>
<maxVel>1.0</maxVel>
<fdir1>1 0 0</fdir1>
<material>Gazebo/FlatBlack</material>
</gazebo>
<gazebo reference="ball_wheel_link">
<mu1>0.1</mu1>
<mu2>0.1</mu2>
<kp>500000.0</kp>
<kd>100.0</kd>
<minDepth>0.001</minDepth>
<maxVel>1.0</maxVel>
<material>Gazebo/FlatBlack</material>
</gazebo>
<gazebo reference="imu">
<sensor type="imu" name="imu">
<always_on>true</always_on>
<visualize>$(arg imu_visual)</visualize>
</sensor>
<material>Gazebo/FlatBlack</material>
</gazebo>
<gazebo>
<plugin name="mybot_controller" filename="libgazebo_ros_diff_drive.so">
<commandTopic>cmd_vel</commandTopic>
<odometryTopic>odom</odometryTopic>
<odometryFrame>odom</odometryFrame>
<odometrySource>world</odometrySource>
<publishOdomTF>true</publishOdomTF>
<robotBaseFrame>base_footprint</robotBaseFrame>
<publishWheelTF>false</publishWheelTF>
<publishTf>true</publishTf>
<publishWheelJointState>true</publishWheelJointState>
<legacyMode>false</legacyMode>
<updateRate>30</updateRate>
<leftJoint>left_wheel_joint</leftJoint>
<rightJoint>right_wheel_joint</rightJoint>
<wheelSeparation>0.180</wheelSeparation>
<wheelDiameter>0.05</wheelDiameter>
<wheelAcceleration>10</wheelAcceleration>
<wheelTorque>100</wheelTorque>
<rosDebugLevel>na</rosDebugLevel>
</plugin>
</gazebo>
<gazebo>
<plugin name="imu_plugin" filename="libgazebo_ros_imu.so">
<alwaysOn>true</alwaysOn>
<bodyName>imu</bodyName>
<frameName>imu</frameName>
<topicName>imu</topicName>
<serviceName>imu_service</serviceName>
<gaussianNoise>0.0</gaussianNoise>
<updateRate>0</updateRate>
<imu>
<noise>
<type>gaussian</type>
<rate>
<mean>0.0</mean>
<stddev>2e-4</stddev>
<bias_mean>0.0000075</bias_mean>
<bias_stddev>0.0000008</bias_stddev>
</rate>
<accel>
<mean>0.0</mean>
<stddev>1.7e-2</stddev>
<bias_mean>0.1</bias_mean>
<bias_stddev>0.001</bias_stddev>
</accel>
</noise>
</imu>
</plugin>
</gazebo>
<gazebo reference="base_laser_link">
<material>Gazebo/FlatBlack</material>
<sensor type="ray" name="rplidar_sensor">
<pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
<visualize>$(arg laser_visual)</visualize>
<update_rate>7</update_rate>
<ray>
<scan>
<horizontal>
<samples>720</samples>
<resolution>0.5</resolution>
<min_angle>0.0</min_angle>
<max_angle>6.28319</max_angle>
</horizontal>
</scan>
<range>
<min>0.120</min>
<max>24.0</max>
<resolution>0.015</resolution>
</range>
<noise>
<type>gaussian</type>
<mean>0.0</mean>
<stddev>0.01</stddev>
</noise>
</ray>
<plugin name="gazebo_ros_rplidar_controller" filename="libgazebo_ros_laser.so">
<topicName>scan</topicName>
<frameName>base_laser_link</frameName>
<min_range>0.9</min_range>
<max_range>130.0</max_range>
<gaussianNoise>0.0</gaussianNoise>
</plugin>
</sensor>
</gazebo>
<!-- stereo camera -->
<gazebo reference="base_camera_link">
<sensor type="multicamera" name="stereocamera">
<always_on>true</always_on>
<update_rate>10</update_rate>
<visualize>false</visualize>
<camera name="left">
<pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
<horizontal_fov>1.047</horizontal_fov>
<image>
<width>320</width>
<height>240</height>
</image>
<clip>
<near>0.1</near>
<far>100</far>
</clip>
</camera>
<camera name="right">
<pose>0 -0.07 0 0 0 0</pose>
<horizontal_fov>1.047</horizontal_fov>
<image>
<width>320</width>
<height>240</height>
</image>
<clip>
<near>0.1</near>
<far>100</far>
</clip>
</camera>
<plugin name="stereo_camera_controller" filename="libgazebo_ros_multicamera.so">
<cameraName>stereocamera</cameraName>
<alwaysOn>true</alwaysOn>
<updateRate>10</updateRate>
<cameraName>stereocamera</cameraName>
<imageTopicName>image_raw</imageTopicName>
<cameraInfoTopicName>camera_info</cameraInfoTopicName>
<frameName>camera_link_optical</frameName>
<baseline>0.07</baseline>
<distortion_k1>0.0</distortion_k1>
<distortion_k2>0.0</distortion_k2>
<distortion_k3>0.0</distortion_k3>
<distortion_t1>0.0</distortion_t1>
<distortion_t2>0.0</distortion_t2>
</plugin>
</sensor>
</gazebo>
</robot>
worlds文件夹中存放之前建立的世界模型文件（见之前的文章）
cd launch
vi mybot.launch
<launch>
<arg name="x_pos" default="0.0"/>
<arg name="y_pos" default="0.0"/>
<arg name="z_pos" default="0.0"/>
<param name="/use_sim_time" value="true" />
<include file="$(find gazebo_ros)/launch/empty_world.launch">
<arg name="world_name" value="$(find robotcar)/worlds/wall.world"/>
</include>
<param name="robot_description" command="$(find xacro)/xacro --inorder $(find robotcar)/urdf/myrot.xacro" />
<node pkg="gazebo_ros" type="spawn_model" name="spawn_urdf" args="-urdf -model myrot.xacro -x $(arg x_pos) -y $(arg y_pos) -z $(arg z_pos) -param robot_description" />
<node name="robot_state_publisher" pkg="robot_state_publisher" type="robot_state_publisher" />
<node
name="joint_state_publisher_gui"
pkg="joint_state_publisher_gui"
type="joint_state_publisher_gui" />
</launch>
:wq保存并退出
sudo vi world.launch
<launch>
<include file="$(find gazebo_ros)/launch/empty_world.launch">
<arg name="world_name" value="$(find robotcar)/worlds/PeiDianShi.world"/>
</include>
</launch>
cd ~/catkin_ws
catkin_make
source devel/setup.bash
roslaunch robotcar mybot.launch
就可以看到机器人在环境中的模型了。
