ros消息发布和订阅(python和C++）

ROS传递图像消息(C++)

// Use the image_transport classes instead.
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <image_transport/image_transport.h>

void imageCallback(const sensor_msgs::ImageConstPtr& msg)
{
  // ...
}

ros::NodeHandle nh;
image_transport::ImageTransport it(nh);
image_transport::Subscriber sub = it.subscribe("in_image_base_topic", 1, imageCallback);
image_transport::Publisher pub = it.advertise("out_image_base_topic", 1);

ROS传递图像消息(python)

rospy.init_node("listener", anonymous=True)
image_pubulish=rospy.Publisher('/camera/image_raw',Image,queue_size=1)
image_sub = rospy.Subscriber("image_topic",Image,callback)

Ros图像转Opencv图像(C++)\

cvbridge定义了一个opencv图像cvimage的类型、包含了编码和ROS的信息头。cvimage包含准确的信息sensor_msgs /image，因此我们可以将两种数据类型进行转换。cvimage类格式：

namespace cv_bridge {

class CvImage
{
public:
  std_msgs::Header header;
  std::string encoding;
  cv::Mat image;
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<CvImage> CvImagePtr;
typedef boost::shared_ptr<CvImage const> CvImageConstPtr;

}

CvBridge为向CvImage转化提供如下函数：

// Case 1
CvImagePtr toCvCopy(const sensor_msgs::ImageConstPtr& source,
                    const std::string& encoding = std::string());
CvImagePtr toCvCopy(const sensor_msgs::Image& source,
                     const std::string& encoding = std::string());
 
// Case 2
CvImageConstPtr toCvShare(const sensor_msgs::ImageConstPtr& source,
                          const std::string& encoding = std::string());
CvImageConstPtr toCvShare(const sensor_msgs::Image& source,
                          const boost::shared_ptr<void const>& tracked_object,
                          const std::string& encoding = std::string());

toCvCopy从ROS信息中创建图像数据的副本，即使当源和目的地encodings匹配。然而，你可以自由修改返回的cvimage。
toCvShare将cv::Mat点返回在ROS的消息数据，避免复制，如果源和目的编码匹配。只要你保持一份返回的cvimage，ROS的消息数据将不会释放。如果编码不匹配时，它将分配一个新的缓冲区，执行转换。您不得修改返回的cvimage，因为它可能与ROS的图像信息共享数据，这反过来又可能与其他回调共享。

OpenCV图像编码：

8UC[1-4]
8SC[1-4]
16UC[1-4]
16SC[1-4]
32SC[1-4]
32FC[1-4]
64FC[1-4]

编码函数在 命令空间 sensor_msgs::image_encodings 下
(http://docs.ros.org/diamondback/api/cv_bridge/html/c++/classsensor__msgs_1_1CvBridge.html)

cvbridge常用编码(encoding处):
mono8: CV_8UC1, grayscale image
mono16: CV_16UC1, 16-bit grayscale image
bgr8: CV_8UC3, color image with blue-green-red color order
rgb8: CV_8UC3, color image with red-green-blue color order
bgra8: CV_8UC4, BGR color image with an alpha channel
rgba8: CV_8UC4, RGB color image with an alpha channel

Ros图像转Opencv图像(python)

将ROS图像消息转换为cv :: Mat，模块cv_bridge.CvBridge提供以下功能：

cv_image = bridge.imgmsg_to_cv2(image_message, desired_encoding="8UC1")

Opencv图像转Ros图像(C++)

class CvImage
{
  sensor_msgs::ImagePtr toImageMsg() const;

  // Overload mainly intended for aggregate messages that contain
  // a sensor_msgs::Image as a member.
  void toImageMsg(sensor_msgs::Image& ros_image) const;
};

cv::Mat image = cv::imread(......);
sensor_msgs::ImagePtr msg = cv_bridge::CvImage(std_msgs::Header(), "bgr8", image).toImageMsg();

Opencv图像转Ros图像(python)

将cv :: Mat转换为ROS图像消息，CvBridge提供以下功能：

image_message = cv2_to_imgmsg(cv_image, encoding="rgb8")

示例代码(C++)

#include <image_transport/image_transport.h>
#include <cv_bridge/cv_bridge.h>
#include <sensor_msgs/image_encodings.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

 

class ImageConverter
{
  ros::NodeHandle nh_;
  image_transport::ImageTransport it_;
  image_transport::Subscriber image_sub_;
  image_transport::Publisher image_pub_;
  
public:
  ImageConverter()
    : it_(nh_)
  {
    // Subscrive to input video feed and publish output video feed
    image_sub_ = it_.subscribe("/camera/image_raw", 1, 
      &ImageConverter::imageCb, this);
    image_pub_ = it_.advertise("/image_converter/output_video", 1);
 
    cv::namedWindow(OPENCV_WINDOW);
  }
 
  ~ImageConverter()
  {
    cv::destroyWindow(OPENCV_WINDOW);
  }
 
  void imageCb(const sensor_msgs::ImageConstPtr& msg)
  {
    cv_bridge::CvImagePtr cv_ptr;
    try
    {
      cv_ptr = cv_bridge::toCvCopy(msg, sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BGR8);
    }
    catch (cv_bridge::Exception& e)
    {
      ROS_ERROR("cv_bridge exception: %s", e.what());
      return;
    }
 
    // Draw an example circle on the video stream
    if (cv_ptr->image.rows > 60 && cv_ptr->image.cols > 60)
      cv::circle(cv_ptr->image, cv::Point(50, 50), 10, CV_RGB(255,0,0));
 
    // Update GUI Window
    cv::imshow("window", cv_ptr->image);
    cv::waitKey(3);
    
    // Output modified video stream
    image_pub_.publish(cv_ptr->toImageMsg());
  }
};
 
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  ros::init(argc, argv, "image_converter");
  ImageConverter ic;
  ros::spin();
  return 0;
}

示例代码(python)

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
 
import roslib
roslib.load_manifest('my_package')
import sys
import rospy
import cv2
from std_msgs.msg import String
from sensor_msgs.msg import Image
from cv_bridge import CvBridge, CvBridgeError
 
class image_converter:
 
  def __init__(self):
    self.image_pub = rospy.Publisher("image_topic_2",Image)
 
    self.bridge = CvBridge()
    self.image_sub = rospy.Subscriber("image_topic",Image,self.callback)
 
  def callback(self,data):
    try:
      cv_image = self.bridge.imgmsg_to_cv2(data, "bgr8")
    except CvBridgeError as e:
      print(e)
 
    (rows,cols,channels) = cv_image.shape
    if cols > 60 and rows > 60 :
      cv2.circle(cv_image, (50,50), 10, 255)
 
    cv2.imshow("Image window", cv_image)
    cv2.waitKey(3)
 
    try:
      self.image_pub.publish(self.bridge.cv2_to_imgmsg(cv_image, "bgr8"))
    except CvBridgeError as e:
      print(e)
 
def main(args):
  ic = image_converter()
  rospy.init_node('image_converter', anonymous=True)
  try:
    rospy.spin()
  except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("Shutting down")
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

http://wiki.ros.org/cv_bridge/Tutorials/ConvertingBetweenROSImagesAndOpenCVImagesPython