文章目录
- 前言
- 前置准备
- 当前项目的库
-
- 外部项目的库
-
- 库的总结
- 总code
- 函数
- add_subdirectory() 添加源文件目录
- add_library() 指定的源文件生成库
- target_link_libraries() 为目标链接库
- 关于路径
- 安装
- 语法
- 完整code
- src cmake
- calc cmake
- main.cpp
- 命令行
- 成果
- END
前言
CMake 是一个强大的构建工具,也是C/C++程序员应该必备的技能之一
参考视频:CMake入门教程_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
找了好多教学资料不是基于linux就是跳跃性较大。偶然发现一个不错的好资源就学习了一波。
本文参考上面b站的教学视频,这个教学十分推荐,新手保姆级的,up也分享了自己的笔记和demo
本文主要记录库的生成和链接
前一篇博客:(CMake) 从下载到构建第一个CMake应用_
前置准备
在src下创建calc文件夹,并编写加法和减法两份文件
加法用户生成静态库
减法用于生成动态库
当前项目的库
src下的cmake
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
add_subdirectory(calc)
target_include_directories(demo PUBLIC
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/calc
)
静态库
calc下的cmake
add_library(addition STATIC addition.cpp)
正常执行命令
cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ../src
cmake --build .
查看是否在build中有calc文件夹,其中是否有.a
的静态库
注意,这是未设置静态库路径的情况下set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
使用
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC addition)
设置静态库的生成路径
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
动态库
calc下的cmake
add_library(subtract SHARED subtract.cpp)
src下的cmake
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC subtract)
注意:运行程序的时候,要将.dll放在.exe同路径下
外部项目的库
首先我们有这些外部项目的库
- libmultiply.a 是静态库
- libdivision.dll 是动态库
target_include_directories(demo PUBLIC
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/calc
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib
)
静态库
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/libmultiply.a)
动态库
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/libdivision.dll)
注意:运行程序的时候,还要将动态库复制一份到.exe的同目录下
库的总结
总code
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "addition.h"
#include "subtract.h"
#include "multiply.h"
#include "division.h"
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello World" << std::endl;
std::cout << __cplusplus << std::endl;
std::cout << "1 + 2 = " << add(1 ,2) << std::endl;
std::cout << "3 - 1 = " << sub(3, 1) << std::endl;
std::cout << "2 * 3 = " << mult(2, 3) << std::endl;
std::cout << "6 / 2 = " << divide(6, 2) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
CMakefiles.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(demo LANGUAGES CXX VERSION 1.0 )
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
add_subdirectory(calc)
add_executable(demo main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC addition)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC subtract)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib/libmultiply.a)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib/libdivision.dll)
target_include_directories(demo PUBLIC
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/calc
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib
)
函数
add_subdirectory() 添加源文件目录
add_subdirectory(source_dir [binary_dir] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL])
add_library() 指定的源文件生成库
add_library(<name> [STATIC | SHARED | MODULE]
[EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
[<source>...])
target_link_libraries() 为目标链接库
target_link_libraries(<target>
<PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE> <item>...
[<PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE> <item>...]...)
关于路径
虽然官方说target_link_libraries
说是要指定绝对路径,但我测了相对路径也没问题
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib/libmultiply.a)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib/libdivision.dll)
安装
这里说的安装其实就是类似与打包发布
这里基本就是固定的指令,就直接放代码了
语法
install(TARGETS <target> DESTINATION <dir>)
install(FILES <file> DESTINATION <dir>)
install(PROGRAMS <非目标文件的可执行程序> DESTINATION <dir>)
install(DIRECTORY <dir> DESTINATION <dir>)
cmake --install .
cmake --install . --prefix <dir>
完整code
src cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
project(demo VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
option(DATE_ENABLE "output date" ON)
if(DATE_ENABLE)
set(DATE "2022")
endif()
configure_file(config.h.in config.h)
add_subdirectory(calc)
add_executable(demo main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC addition)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC subtract)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/libdivision.dll)
target_link_libraries(demo PUBLIC C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/libmultiply.a)
target_include_directories(demo PUBLIC
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/calc
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../other_lib
)
install(TARGETS demo DESTINATION bin)
install(FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
install(FILES "C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/libmultiply.a" DESTINATION lib)
install(FILES "C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/libdivision.dll" DESTINATION bin)
install(FILES "C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/multiply.h" DESTINATION include)
install(FILES "C:/Users/windows/Desktop/demo/other_lib/division.h" DESTINATION include)
calc cmake
add_library(addition STATIC addition.cpp)
install(TARGETS addition DESTINATION lib)
install(FILES addition.h DESTINATION include)
add_library(subtract SHARED subtract.cpp)
install(TARGETS subtract DESTINATION bin)
install(FILES subtract.h DESTINATION include)
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "addition.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "division.h"
#include "multiply.h"
#include "subtract.h"
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello World" << endl;
cout << "version " << PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR << "." << PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR
<< endl;
#ifdef DATE
cout << "date " << DATE << endl;
#endif
cout << "1 + 2 = " << add(1, 2) << endl;
cout << "3 - 1 = " << sub(3, 1) << endl;
cout << "2 * 3 = " << mult(2, 3) << endl;
cout << "6 / 2 = " << divide(6, 2) << endl;
return 0;
}
命令行
cmake --install . --prefix ../install
成果
END
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