我在 python 中编写了以下代码，以在生成的 GUI 中显示条形图PyQt5.
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog, QApplication, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, \
QLineEdit, QMessageBox, QInputDialog, QLabel, QHBoxLayout, QGridLayout, QStackedLayout, QFormLayout
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
import time
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# data
import numpy as np
#import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import os
import csv
#define the path to data
pathToData='C:/RC/python/data/'
dataName= '31122017ARB.csv'
# import
data=pd.read_csv(pathToData+dataName, delimiter=';',encoding='cp1252')
# percent MW
data['MWP']=data[' MW ']/sum(data[' MW '])
#aggregate by Best
datag=data.groupby('Best', as_index=False).agg({'MW': 'sum'})
x=["BE"+s for s in[str(s) for s in [int(x) for x in datag.iloc[:,0].tolist()]]]
y=datag.ix[:,1].tolist()
figure = plt.figure()
H = np.array([[100, 2, 39, 190], [402, 55, 369, 1023], [300, 700, 8, 412], [170, 530, 330, 1]])
Z = np.array([[3, 290, 600, 480], [1011, 230, 830, 0], [152, 750, 5, 919], [340, 7, 543, 812]])
class Window(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = plt.figure()
# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init_
self.im = None
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.on_button_press_event)
# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.plot)
self.timer.setInterval(5000)
# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.timer.start)
self.button.setDefault(False)
self.stop = QPushButton("Stop")
self.stop.clicked.connect(self.timer.stop)
self.stop.setDefault(False)
self.exit = QPushButton('Exit')
self.exit.clicked.connect(self.close)
self.exit.setDefault(True)
layout = QFormLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
layout.addWidget(self.stop)
layout.addWidget(self.exit)
self.setLayout(layout)
self.lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self)
self.lb.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.ToolTip)
def plot(self):
self.x = ["BE"+s for s in[str(s) for s in [int(x) for x in datag.iloc[:,0].tolist()]]]
self.y = datag.iloc[:,1].tolist()#np.sin(self.x)
self.setWindowTitle("Bestandseingruppierung")
def update_figure(self):
self.axes.bar(self.x, self.y)
#self.y = np.roll(self.y,-1)
#self.draw()
self.canvas.draw()
def on_button_press_event(self, event):
print('button={}, x={}, y={}, xdata={}, ydata={}'
.format(event.button, event.x, event.y, event.xdata, event.ydata))
if self.im:
message = str(self.im.get_cursor_data(event))
delay = 1000
w = self.lb.fontMetrics().width(message)
self.lb.resize(w, self.lb.size().height())
self.lb.setText(message)
self.lb.move(QtGui.QCursor.pos())
self.lb.show()
QtCore.QTimer.singleShot(delay, self.lb.hide)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = Window()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
The Problem is: it is not shown any plot, even I do not get any error. I just obtain an empty 
.
如何通过按绘图底部来获取图表？我想，我在下面做错了一些事情def plot(self):.
只是为了澄清：我在 PyQt5 生成的 GUI 中作为独立代码测试了图表，它工作得很好：
# FigureCanvas inherits QWidget
class MainWindow(FigureCanvas):
def __init__(self, parent=None, width=4, height=3, dpi=100):
fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
self.axes.hold(False)
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(fig)
self.setParent(parent)
FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
QSizePolicy.Expanding,
QSizePolicy.Expanding)
FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
timer = QTimer(self)
timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
timer.start(50)
self.x = ["BE"+s for s in[str(s) for s in [int(x) for x in datag.iloc[:,0].tolist()]]]#np.arange(0, 4*np.pi, 0.1)
self.y = datag.iloc[:,1].tolist()#np.sin(self.x)
self.setWindowTitle("Best")
def update_figure(self):
self.axes.bar(self.x, self.y)
#self.y = np.roll(self.y,-1)
self.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWindow = MainWindow()
mainWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
我找到了解决方案！
我在此 GUI 中有 3 个按钮，如以下代码部分所示：
class Window(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = plt.figure()
# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init_
self.im = None
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.on_button_press_event)
# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.plot)
self.timer.setInterval(0)
# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.timer.start)
self.button.setDefault(False)
self.stop = QPushButton("Stop")
self.stop.clicked.connect(self.timer.stop)
self.stop.setDefault(False)
self.exit = QPushButton('Exit')
self.exit.clicked.connect(self.close)
self.exit.setDefault(True)
必须将时间延迟设置为self.timer.setInterval(0)归零！这是第一点。
那个部分def plot(self)应更改如下：
def plot(self):
data=x
self.setWindowTitle("Bestandseingruppierung")
# instead of ax.hold(False)
self.figure.clear()
# create an axis
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
#fig.autofmt_xdate()
# discards the old graph
ax.hold(False) # deprecated, see above
# plot data
ax.axes.bar(data,y)
self.canvas.draw()