将字段替换为另一个文件中指定的值

我有一个包含单词之间的映射的文件。我必须引用该文件并将这些单词替换为某些文件中的映射单词。例如，下面的文件具有映射的单词表

1.12.2.4               1
1.12.2.7               12
1.12.2.2               5
1.12.2.4               4
1.12.2.6               67
1.12.2.12              5

我将有许多包含这些关键字的文件（1.12.2.*）。我想搜索这些关键词并将这些关键词替换为从此文件中获取的相应映射。如何在 shell 中执行此操作。假设一个文件包含以下几行

The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg.

执行脚本后，数字“1.12.2.12”和“1.12.2.4”应替换为5和4（从主文件引用）。谁能帮我吗？

一种方式使用GNU awk:

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt

Results:

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg.
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 4. He is from Psg.

要将输出保存到文件：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt > name_of_your_output_file.txt

解释：

FNR==NR { ... }   # FNR is the current record number, NR is the record number
                  # so FNR==NR simply means: "while we process the first file listed
                  # in this case it's "master.txt"
array[$1]=$2      # add column 1 to an array with a value of column 2
next              # go onto the next record

{                 # this could be written as: FNR!=NR
                  # so this means "while we process the second file listed..."
for (i in array)  # means "for every element/key in the array..."
gsub(i, array[i]) # perform a global substitution on each line replacing the key
                  # with it's value if found
}1                # this is shorthand for 'print'

添加单词边界使得匹配更加严格：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub("\\<"i"\\>", array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt