LINUX报这个错误的时候，有很多的原因，通常是出现在使用
apt-get update的时候， apt 的全称是Advanced Packaging Tool。在apt版本1.2.0之前，它是有BUG的，后续版本修正了，或许可以通过直接升级apt版本解决。问题原因五花八门，中外网友们的解决办法也是多种多样。
apt repository metadata is organized in such a way that a top level file contains the checksums of other pieces of repository metadata.
The “Hash sum mismatch” error indicates to the user that apt has run a checksum against the repository metadata it has downloaded and the checksum apt computed does not match the checksum listed in the top level file.
Unfortunately, due to a bug in apt, metadata files compressed with lzma (.xz files) are occasionally downloaded (and in some cases) decompressed incorrectly resulting in a broken file. As a result, the checksum of the broken file will be incorrect and cause apt to produce the “Hash sum mismatch” error.
There are at least 3 ways this can happen for most Ubuntu and Debian based systems today:
Stale metadata cached between the client and server. This is unlikely in most cases and not possible if SSL is used.
The metadata does not match because of a bug during the extraction of the metadata.
The repository is being updated while an apt-get update is run, or apt has cached a stale Release file.
Users can avoid all 3 cases by: （如何避免？）
Using SSL.
Disabling XZ compressed metadata, or ensuring a newer version of APT is used.
Using the new Acquire-by-hash feature available in APT 1.2.0.
截图取自下文参考链接
参考链接4: Solution reference4
参考链接5: Solution reference5
本人在遇到这个错误的时候，查到了很多方法，这些方法的都是有网友验证过的，具体哪种方法适用于读者的问题的解决，可以多尝试。下面，我就按照方法被应用频率的高低来阐述。
$ sudo apt-get clean
$ sudo apt-get update --fix-missing 参考链接1：Solution reference1
$ sudo rm -R /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade参考链接2：Solution reference2
有时候，因为处于GFW内、网速下载更新等原因，我们是使用UBUNTU的时候，改为国内的更新源更加方便 。校园网的话，使用edu.cn的源，比如中科大，其他的话可以使用网易、阿里等。
替换前做个副本备份先：
$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak编辑源列表，加入国内源地址：
$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list# 网易新开的更新源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 或者， 加入如下内容（中科大的）：
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
再更新列表：
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgradeAcquire-by-hash的值：指定apt下载文件的压缩格式
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/partial
$ sudo apt-get update -o Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order::=gz对于第二条命令：也可以设置下载文件的压缩格式为bz2。
如果不想每次的对apt的配置进行第二条命令那样设置的话，可以这么做。
1， 创建一个新文件，
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99compression-workaround
2，添加文本
Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: "gz";
现在，apt-get update 将会优先使用gzip 格式压缩的元数据。
这么设置的目的是因为apt本身的bug(bug报告)，真正的解决办法还是利用apt的新特性进行设置Acquire-by-hash的值为‘Yes’,参考里面没有讲到如何enable或者take advantage of 这个Acquire-by-hash的feature， 如果有读者朋友找到在哪儿设置，麻烦留言～
详情参考
参考链接4: Solution reference4
参考链接5: Solution reference5
或者直接试着升级一下apt，如果apt的版本比较低的话。
还有些开发者遇到的问题，是因为公司的Proxy的设置。
如果读者朋友使用了Proxy，那么可以尝试，在/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ 目录下创建一个名称为99fixbadproxy 的文件
$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99fixbadproxy把以下文本复制到上述文件中，然后保存退出：
Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth 0;
Acquire::http::No-Cache true;
Acquire::BrokenProxy true;
运行更新命令
$ sudo apt-get update参考链接6：Solution reference6
国外网站上的一个回答如下：
To figure out whether this issue is fixed, you can visit, for example, the page at https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo/dists/ubuntu-xenial/main/binary-amd64/ and check the timestamp for the InRelease file.
Currently it still says 11:06 (UTC) which is the version of the file that has the wrong checksums. If it says a later time, then it has probably been fixed.
Now the time is 13:25 (UTC) and we are still waiting
参考链接7：Solution reference7
官网的那个docker-whale镜像build代码，我运行是有错误的，报的错误也是这个Hash sum mismatch。但是与我们上述的方法还是有些区别，毕竟上面的情况，都是网友在物理主机下运行
apt-get update得到的error，我们使用dockerfile进行build新镜像的时候，实际上是在容器里面，有一点不同。